I-Amoniya (NH3)

Imingcele Yezobuchwepheshe

I-ammonia ewuketshezi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-anhydrous ammonia, iwuketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi elinamandla futhi lonakalisayo. Njengento yokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali abalulekile, i-ammonia ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola i-ammonia ewuketshezi ngokucindezela noma ukupholisa i-ammonia yegesi ukuze kube lula ukuhamba nokugcinwa. I-ammonia ewuketshezi incibilika kalula emanzini, futhi yenza i-ammonium ion NH4+ ne-hydroxide ion OH- ngemva kokuncibilika emanzini. Isixazululo sine-alkaline. I-ammonia ewuketshezi isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini, iyagqwala futhi kulula ukuyishintsha, ngakho izinga layo lezingozi zamakhemikhali liphezulu kakhulu. I-Liquid ammonia iyisincibilikisi esinganamanzi e-inorganic esivame ukusetshenziswa, futhi isetshenziswa njengesiqandisi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwempahla yezimboni. Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni umanyolo, iziqhumane, amapulasitiki kanye nemicu yamakhemikhali. Isixazululo se-metal-liquid ammonia sinezakhiwo eziqinile zokunciphisa futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganiseni kwe-inorganic kanye ne-organic synthesis. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela zensimbi eziguqukayo ezinezimo eziphansi ze-oxidation. Kumakhemikhali wezinto eziphilayo, isisombululo se-sodium-liquid ammonia sisetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kokunciphisa i-Birch ukunciphisa indandatho enamakha ohlelweni lwendandatho ye-cyclohexadiene. Izixazululo ze-ammonia eziwuketshezi zesodium noma ezinye izinsimbi nazo zinganciphisa ama-alkynes ukukhiqiza ama-trans-olefin. Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-ammonia ewuketshezi ingenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza i-urea. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali, isetshenziswa kahle ku-semiconductor kanye nezimboni ze-metallurgical. I-ammonia ewuketshezi igcinwa kakhulu kumasilinda ensimbi amelana nengcindezi noma emathangeni ensimbi, futhi ayikwazi ukuhlalisana ne-acetaldehyde, i-acrolein, i-boron nezinye izinto. Amasilinda e-ammonia ewuketshezi kufanele agcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla noma endaweni yesikhulumi eneshede. Lapho unqwabelanisa endaweni evulekile, kufanele umbozwe ngetende ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Amasilinda ensimbi namaloli amathangi athwala i-ammonia ewuketshezi kufanele avikelwe ekushiseni ngesikhathi sokuthutha, futhi iziqhumane zivinjelwe ngokuqinile.

Isicelo:

1. Umanyolo wamakhemikhali:
I-ammonia ewuketshezi isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni i-nitric acid, i-urea namanye ama-fertilizer amakhemikhali.
 
2. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo:
Ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezemithi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.
 
3. Ukwakhiwa kwe-rocket, i-missile propellant:
Embonini yezokuvikela, esetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-rocket, i-missile propellant.
 
4. Isiqandisi:
Ingasetshenziswa njengesiqandisi.
 
5. Ukuqedwa kwe-Mercerized kwezindwangu:
I-ammonia ewuketshezi ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukuqedwa kwe-Mercerized yezindwangu.

Usayizi Wephakheji:

Izinzuzo:

1. Imboni yethu ikhiqiza i-NH3 ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zekhwalithi ephezulu, ngaphandle kwentengo ishibhile.
2. I-NH3 ikhiqizwa ngemva kwezinqubo zezikhathi eziningi zokuhlanzwa nokulungiswa embonini yethu.Isistimu yokulawula i-inthanethi iqinisekisa ubumsulwa begesi zonke izigaba.Umkhiqizo oqediwe kufanele uhlangabezane nezinga.
3. Ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa, i-cylinder kufanele yomiswe kuqala isikhathi eside (okungenani amahora angu-16), bese sihlanza isilinda, ekugcineni siyisusa ngegesi yasekuqaleni.Zonke lezi zindlela zenza isiqiniseko sokuthi igesi ihlanzekile ku-cylinder.
4. Sesineminyaka eminingi sikhona emkhakheni weGesi, isipiliyoni esicebile ekukhiqizeni nasekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe masiwine ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende, ayanelisa ngenkonzo yethu futhi asinikeze ukuphawula okuhle.