I-Amoniya (NH3)

Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe

I-ammonia ewuketshezi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ammonia engenamanzi, iwuketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elinamandla elinobuhlungu kanye nokugqwala. Njengezinto ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali, i-ammonia ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola i-ammonia ewuketshezi ngokucindezela noma ukupholisa i-ammonia yegesi ukuze kube lula ukuthutha nokugcina. I-ammonia ewuketshezi incibilika kalula emanzini, futhi yakha i-ammonium ion NH4+ kanye ne-hydroxide ion OH- ngemva kokuncibilika emanzini. Isixazululo siyi-alkaline. I-ammonia ewuketshezi isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini, iyagqwala futhi kulula ukuyishintsha, ngakho-ke izinga layo lengozi yamakhemikhali liphezulu kakhulu. I-ammonia ewuketshezi iyisisombululo esivame ukusetshenziswa esingaphili esingemanzi, futhi isetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziqandisini kanye nezimboni. Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni umanyolo, iziqhumane, amapulasitiki kanye nemicu yamakhemikhali. Isixazululo se-ammonia yensimbi-uketshezi sinezakhiwo ezinciphisa kakhulu futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganiseni okungaphili kanye ne-organic. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izinhlanganisela zensimbi eziguqukayo ezinezimo eziphansi ze-oxidation. Kumakhemikhali e-organic, isixazululo se-ammonia se-sodium-liquid sisetshenziswa ku-Birch reduction reaction ukunciphisa indandatho enuka kamnandi ohlelweni lwendandatho ye-cyclohexadiene. Izixazululo ze-ammonia eziwuketshezi ze-sodium noma ezinye izinsimbi zinganciphisa nama-alkynes ukukhiqiza ama-trans-olefin. Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-ammonia ewuketshezi ingenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza i-urea. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali, isetshenziswa kahle embonini ye-semiconductor kanye ne-metallurgical. I-ammonia ewuketshezi igcinwa kakhulu kumasilinda ensimbi angacindezeli noma amathangi ensimbi, futhi ayikwazi ukuhlangana ne-acetaldehyde, i-acrolein, i-boron nezinye izinto. Amasilinda e-ammonia ewuketshezi kufanele agcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla noma epulatifomu eneshede. Uma efakwa emoyeni ovulekile, kufanele ambozwe ngetende ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Amasilinda ensimbi namaloli ethangi athwala i-ammonia ewuketshezi kufanele avikelwe ekushiseni ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, futhi iziqhumane azivunyelwe ngokuphelele.

Isicelo:

1. Umanyolo wamakhemikhali:
I-ammonia ewuketshezi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-nitric acid, i-urea kanye neminye imifuno yamakhemikhali.
 
2. Izinto zokusetshenziswa:
Ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
 
3. Ukukhiqizwa kwerokhethi, i-missile propellant:
Embonini yezokuvikela, esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamarokhethi, i-missile propellant.
 
4. Isiqandisi:
Ingasetshenziswa njengesiqandisi.
 
5. Ukuqeda kwezindwangu okwenziwe nge-mercerized:
I-ammonia ewuketshezi ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuqedeni izindwangu nge-mercerized.

Usayizi Wephakheji:

Izinzuzo:

1. Ifektri yethu ikhiqiza i-NH3 ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ngaphandle kokuthi intengo ishibhile.
2. I-NH3 ikhiqizwa ngemva kwezinqubo eziningi zokuhlanza nokulungisa efektri yethu. Uhlelo lokulawula oluku-inthanethi luqinisekisa ubumsulwa begesi kuzo zonke izigaba. Umkhiqizo oqediwe kumele uhlangabezane nezindinganiso.
3. Ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa, isilinda kufanele somiswe kuqala isikhathi eside (okungenani amahora angu-16), bese sifaka isilinda nge-vacuum, ekugcineni siyisuse negesi yokuqala. Zonke lezi zindlela ziqinisekisa ukuthi igesi ihlanzekile esilinda.
4. Sesineminyaka eminingi sisebenza emkhakheni wegesi, ulwazi olucebile ekukhiqizeni nasekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe lusenza sithole ukwethenjwa ngamakhasimende, bayaneliseka ngensizakalo yethu futhi basinika imibono emihle.