Amagesi ahlanzekile kakhulu (UHP) ayigazi lokuphila embonini yama-semiconductor. Njengoba isidingo esingakaze sibonwe kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezintambo zokuhlinzeka zomhlaba wonke kukhuphula intengo yegesi ecindezelwe kakhulu, ukwakheka okusha kwe-semiconductor kanye nemikhuba yokukhiqiza kukhulisa izinga lokulawula ukungcola okudingekayo. Kubakhiqizi be-semiconductor, ukukwazi ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa begesi ye-UHP kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Amagesi e-Ultra High Purity (UHP) Abaluleke Kakhulu Ekwenziweni Kwe-Semiconductor Yanamuhla

Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa igesi ye-UHP ukungasebenzi kahle: Igesi ye-UHP isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngesimo esivikelayo esizungeze izingxenye ze-semiconductor, ngaleyo ndlela izivikele emiphumeleni eyingozi yomswakama, umoya-mpilo kanye nokunye ukungcola emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, ukungangeni kahle kungomunye wemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene eyenziwa amagesi embonini ye-semiconductor. Kusukela kumagesi e-plasma ayinhloko kuya kumagesi asebenzayo asetshenziswa ekuqopheni nasekufakeni, amagesi anomfutho ophezulu kakhulu asetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi ezahlukene futhi abalulekile kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-semiconductor.

Amanye amagesi “ayinhloko” embonini ye-semiconductor afaka phakathii-nitrogen(esetshenziswa njengokuhlanza okuvamile kanye negesi engasebenzi),i-argon(esetshenziswa njengegesi eyinhloko ye-plasma ekuphenduleni kokugqwala nokufaka),i-helium(esetshenziswa njengegesi engasebenzi enezakhiwo ezikhethekile zokudlulisa ukushisa) kanyei-hydrogen(udlala izindima eziningi ekuhlanzeni i-plasma, ukufaka i-epitaxy, i-epitaxy kanye nokuhlanza i-plasma).

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor bushintshile futhi bashintsha, namagesi asetshenziswa enkambisweni yokukhiqiza nawo ashintshile. Namuhla, izitshalo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zamagesi, kusukela kumagesi amahle njengei-kryptonfuthii-neonezinhlotsheni ezisabelayo njenge-nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) kanye ne-tungsten hexafluoride (WF6).

Isidingo esikhulayo sobumsulwa

Kusukela kwasungulwa i-microchip yokuqala yezentengiselwano, umhlaba ubone ukwanda okumangalisayo kokusebenza kwamadivayisi e-semiconductor. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, enye yezindlela eziqinisekile zokufeza lolu hlobo lokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kube ngokusebenzisa "usayizi wokulinganisa": ukunciphisa ubukhulu obubalulekile bezakhiwo ze-chip ezikhona ukuze kufakwe ama-transistors amaningi endaweni ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ze-chip ezintsha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kukhiqize intuthuko ekusebenzeni kwedivayisi.

Namuhla, ubukhulu obubalulekile be-semiconductors esezingeni eliphezulu manje buncane kakhulu kangangokuthi ukukala usayizi akuseyona indlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwedivayisi. Esikhundleni salokho, abacwaningi be-semiconductor bafuna izixazululo ngendlela yezinto ezintsha kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-3D chip.

Iminyaka eminingi yokwakhiwa kabusha okungakhathali isho ukuthi amadivayisi e-semiconductor anamuhla anamandla kakhulu kune-microchips yakudala - kodwa futhi abuthakathaka kakhulu. Ukufika kobuchwepheshe bokwenza i-wafer engu-300mm kwandisa izinga lokulawula ukungcola okudingekayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor. Ngisho nokungcola okuncane kakhulu enkambisweni yokukhiqiza (ikakhulukazi amagesi angavamile noma angasebenzi) kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwemishini okubi kakhulu - ngakho-ke ubumsulwa begesi manje bubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Esikhungweni sokukhiqiza i-semiconductor esivamile, igesi ehlanzekile kakhulu kakade isiyindleko enkulu kakhulu yezinto ezibonakalayo ngemuva kwe-silicon uqobo. Lezi zindleko kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke njengoba isidingo sama-semiconductor sikhuphuka siye phezulu. Imicimbi eYurophu ibangele ukuphazamiseka okwengeziwe emakethe yegesi yemvelo ecindezeleke kakhulu. I-Ukraine ingenye yabathengisi abakhulu emhlabeni abathengisa igesi ehlanzekile kakhulu.i-neonizimpawu; Ukuhlasela kweRussia kusho ukuthi ukutholakala kwegesi engavamile kuyancishiswa. Lokhu kwaholela ekushodeni kanye namanani aphezulu amanye amagesi amahle njengei-kryptonfuthii-xenon.