Inkinga ye-Helium 5.0

Umhlaba wonkei-heliumukushoda kungene esimweni esiphuthumayo, lapho ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa okuvela eRussia naseQatar kubangele ukuhlelwa kabusha kochungechunge lokunikezwa, okwafaka umhlaba wonke engcupheni.i-heliumimakethe ibe nenkinga yokutholakala kwempahla eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngemva kokumiswa ngokuphelele kokukhiqiza kweQatar ngoMashi, iRussia yaqala ngokusemthethweni ukulawula ukuthunyelwa kwe-helium emazweni angaphandle kwe-Eurasian Economic Union. Lezi zinyathelo zizoqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2027. Ukuvalwa ngasikhathi sinye kwalaba baphakeli ababili abayinhloko kuholele ekulahlekelweni cishe yi-42%-50% yezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke.i-heliumamandla okukhiqiza. Izimboni ezibalulekile njenge-semiconductors kanye ne-medical imaging zibhekene nengozi yokuntuleka kwe-helium, okwenza ukuphepha kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini zomhlaba wonke.

Njengesisetshenziswa esingasetshenziswa kabusha,i-heliumayinazo ezinye izindlela ezivuthiwe zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi, futhi ukutholakala kwayo kugxile kakhulu kwezomnotho ezine ezinkulu. Kulesi simo esibucayi, imithombo emibili eyinhloko yokutholakala kwempahla iye yabhekana nezinkinga:

1) Ukuvalwa ngokuphelele kweQatar: Njengoba kuthinteke ukushaqeka kwesibili okuvela empini yezempi ngoMashi, zonke izikhungo ezintathu zokukhipha i-helium edolobheni lezimboni laseRas Lafan zabhujiswa, okuphazamisa ngokuphelele amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke angama-33%-40%. Uhulumeni umemezele isigaba seminyaka emihlanu "se-force majeure" eShayina, eNingizimu Korea nakwamanye amazwe. Ukulungisa imigqa yokukhiqiza eyinhloko kuzothatha iminyaka emi-3-5, kanye nethuba elingaphansi kuka-10% lokuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqiza esikhathini esifushane.

2) Ukulawulwa okwandisiwe kweRussia: IRussia, equkethe u-8%-10% wamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele, idinga imvume ekhethekile evela kuNdunankulu noma iPhini likaNdunankulu ngokulawulwa kwayo kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Isizathu esishiwoyo sokulawulwa "ukuqinisekisa izidingo zemikhakha ebalulekile yasekhaya njengezindiza, izinto zikagesi, kanye nemishini ye-MRI." Nakuba izikhungo ezinkulu ezifana ne-Amur Gas Processing Plant zinamandla okukhiqiza amamitha ayizigidi eziyi-6 zama-cubic metres ngonyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwangempela ngo-2025 kungama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyi-1.6 kuphela, okusho ukuthi imakethe yomhlaba wonke izolahlekelwa ngokuphelele yilolu shintsho olubalulekile lokulinganisa.

Ngokuhambisana nemikhawulo yokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eStrait of Hormuz kanye nokulawula kwe-ISO ukunikezwa kwethangi lokugcina i-helium eliwuketshezi (ama-80% amathangi okugcina impahla asemqoka emhlabeni agxile ezinkampanini ezimbalwa), uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-helium lomhlaba wonke lubhekene nesimo esiphindwe kabili "sokuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza + isithiyo sokuhamba".