Namuhla sicabanga ngoketshezii-heliumnjengento ebanda kakhulu emhlabeni. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokumhlola kabusha?

Ukuntuleka kwe-helium okuzayo

I-Heliumkuyinto yesibili evame kakhulu endaweni yonke, ngakho-ke kungaba kanjani nokuntuleka? Ungasho into efanayo nge-hydrogen, evame kakhulu. Kungase kube nokuningi okungenhla, kodwa hhayi okuningi okungezansi. Nakhu esikudingayo.I-HeliumAkuyona imakethe enkulu futhi. Isidingo sonyaka somhlaba wonke silinganiselwa cishe kumamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha (Bcf) noma amamitha ayizigidi eziyi-170 (m3). Kunzima ukunquma intengo yamanje, ngoba intengo ivame ukuxoxiswana ngayo ngenkontileka phakathi komthengi nomthengisi, kodwa uCliff Cain, i-CEO yenkampani yokubonisana ngegesi engavamile i-Edelgas Group, unikeze inani lama-dollar ayi-1800/amamitha ayizigidi eziyi-cubic (mcf). I-Edgar Group ihlola imakethe futhi yeluleka izinkampani eziningi ezisebenza emakethe. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yoketshezii-heliumngobuningi kungaba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Noma kunjalo, isidingo sisakhula, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezokwelapha, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nezindiza, futhi "sizoqhubeka nokukhula", kusho uCain.I-Heliumiqine ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kunomoya. Ukufaka umoya esikhundleni se-hard disk drivei-heliumkunganciphisa ukuxokozela, futhi idiski ingaphenduka kangcono, ngakho amadiski amaningi angalayishwa endaweni encane futhi asebenzise amandla amancane.I-HeliumAma-hard drive agcwele andisa umthamo ngo-50% kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ngo-23%. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhungo eziningi zedatha ezisezingeni eliphezulu manje zisebenzisa ama-hard drive agcwele i-helium. Iphinde isetshenziswe kubafundi bebhakhodi, ama-computer chip, ama-semiconductor, amaphaneli e-LCD, kanye nezintambo ze-fiber optic.

Enye imboni ekhula ngokushesha iyadlai-helium, okuyimboni yasemkhathini. I-Helium isetshenziswa emathangini kaphethiloli amarokhethi, amasathelayithi kanye nama-particle accelerator. Ubuningi bayo obuphansi busho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa nasekucwileni olwandle olujulile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu njenge-coolant, ikakhulukazi kuma-magnet emishinini ye-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Kumelwe agcinwe eduze no-zero ophelele ukuze alondoloze izakhiwo ze-quantum zama-magnet ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla awo. Umshini ojwayelekile we-MRI udinga amalitha angu-2000 oketshezi.i-heliumNgonyaka odlule, i-United States yenze ukuhlolwa kwe-nuclear magnetic resonance okungaba yizigidi ezingu-38. I-Forbes ikholelwa ukuthii-heliumukushoda kungaba yinkinga elandelayo yezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke.

"Njengoba kunikezwe ukubaluleka kokuthwebula izithombe ze-nuclear magnetic resonance emphakathini wezokwelapha,i-heliumInkinga kufanele ibe yisizinda sezombusazwe, abenzi benqubomgomo, odokotela, iziguli kanye nomphakathi ukuze baxoxe futhi bathole izixazululo eziqhubekayo. Ukuntuleka kwei-heliumkuyinkinga enkulu, esithinta sonke ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.”

Namabhaluni ephathi.

Izindleko ze-helium zizokhuphuka

Uma uyinkampani yezindiza ebhizinisi layo lithembele ekuthumeleni amasathelayithi emkhathini, noma umenzi we-MRI ebhizinisi layo lithembele ekuthengiseni imishini ye-MRI, ngeke uvumelei-heliumukushoda kuphazamisa ibhizinisi lakho. Ngeke uyeke ukukhiqiza. Uzokhokha noma yiliphi inani elidingekayo bese udlulisela izindleko. Omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha nazo zonke izidingo zokuphila kwanamuhlai-heliumAkukho okunye okungathatha indawo ye-helium, ngaphandle kwalokho besizobuyela eNkathini Yamatshe.

I-Heliumingumkhiqizo ongaphansi kokuhluzwa kwegesi yemvelo. Umkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni yi-United States (equkethe cishe u-40% wokuphakelwa), ilandelwe yiQatar, i-Algeria neRussia. Kodwa-ke, i-United States Nationali-heliumi-reserve, umthombo omkhulu we-helium emhlabeni eminyakeni engama-70 edlule, iyeke ukukhiqiza muva nje. Le nkampani ivumela abasebenzi ukuthi bahambe, futhi ingcindezi esendleleni isikhululiwe. Lapho kudingeka i-psi engu-1200 ekukhiqizeni, ingcindezi manje ingu-psi engu-700. Okungenani ngokombono, uhlelo luyathengiswa njengamanje.

Lezi zincwadi zibhekane nokubambezeleka e-White House, okungathatha isikhathi ukuzixazulula. Ngeke sibone noma iyiphi imakethe kuze kube yilapho sezixazululiwe. Abathengi abangaba khona kufanele futhi bazi ngezinto ezingcolisiwe kanye nezinqubo zomthetho eziqhubekayo. Ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla enkului-heliumIsitshalo esakhiwe kabusha yiGazprom e-Amur, empumalanga yeRussia, naso sivaliwe, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzoba khona umkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2023, ngoba sithembele konjiniyela baseNtshonalanga, abangathandi ukuthumela abasebenzi eRussia njengamanje.

Kunoma ikuphi, kuzoba nzima ngeRussia ukuthengisa ngaphandle kweShayina neRussia. Eqinisweni, iRussia inamandla okuba ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni - kodwa lena yiRussia. Ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, iQatar yayinezikhathi ezimbili zokuvalwa. Nakuba isivuliwe kabusha, ngamafuphi, sibhekane nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-helium deficiency 4.0, okuwukusweleka kwe-helium kwesine emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2006.

Amathuba embonini ye-helium

Njengoba kunjalo ngei-heliumukushoda kwe-1.0, 2.0 kanye ne-3.0, ukuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwemboni encane nakho kubangele ukukhathazeka. Ukushoda kwe-helium 4.0 kumane kuwukuqhubeka kwe-2.0 kanye ne-3.0. Ngamafuphi, umhlaba udinga ukuhlinzekwa okusha kwe-i-heliumIsixazululo ukutshala imali kubakhiqizi nabathuthukisi be-helium abangaba khona. Baningi abangaphandle, kodwa njengazo zonke izinkampani zemithombo yemvelo, abantu abangu-75% bazohluleka.