Namuhla sicabanga ngoketshezii-heliumnjengento ebanda kakhulu emhlabeni. Manje yisikhathi sokumhlola kabusha?

Ukushoda kwe-helium okuzayo

I-Heliumiyisici sesibili esivame kakhulu endaweni yonke, ngakho kungaba khona kanjani ukushoda? Ungasho okufanayo nge-hydrogen, evame kakhulu. Angase abe amaningi ngenhla, kodwa angabi maningi ngezansi. Nakhu esikudingayo.I-Heliumakuyona imakethe enkulu futhi. Isidingo sonyaka emhlabeni jikelele silinganiselwa ku-6 billion cubic feet (Bcf) noma 170 million cubic metres (m3). Kunzima ukunquma intengo yamanje, ngoba intengo ivame ukuxoxisana ngenkontileka phakathi komthengi nomthengisi, kodwa uCliff Cain, oyi-CEO yenkampani ebonisana ngegesi engavamile i-Edelgas Group, unikeze isibalo sama-1800 dollars/million cubic feet ( mcf). I-Edgar Group ifunda imakethe futhi yeluleka izinkampani eziningi ezisebenza emakethe. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-liquidi-heliumisamba singaba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Noma kunjalo, isidingo sisakhula, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezokwelapha, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye ne-aerospace, futhi "izoqhubeka ikhula", kusho uKayini.I-Heliumuminyene kasikhombisa njengomoya. Ukushintsha umoya ku-hard disk drive ngei-heliuminganciphisa isiyaluyalu, futhi idiski ingajikeleza kangcono, ngakho-ke amadiski amaningi angalayishwa esikhaleni esincane futhi adle amandla amancane.I-Heliumama-hard drive agcwele akhuphula umthamo ngo-50% kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ngo-23%. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhungo eziningi zedatha yekhwalithi ephezulu manje zisebenzisa i-helium egcwele umthamo ophezulu wokushayela kanzima. Iphinde isetshenziselwe izifundi zebhakhodi, ama-computer chips, ama-semiconductors, amaphaneli e-LCD, nezintambo ze-fiber optic.

Enye imboni ekhula ngokushesha iyadlai-helium, okuyimboni yasemkhathini. I-Helium isetshenziswa emathangini kaphethiloli kumarokhethi, amasathelayithi kanye nama-accelerator ezinhlayiyana. Ukuminyana kwayo okuphansi kusho ukuthi ingaphinde isetshenziselwe ukutshuza emanzini ekujuleni kolwandle, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu njengokupholisa, ikakhulukazi odonsa emishinini ye-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Kufanele agcinwe eduze kukaziro ngokuphelele ukuze agcine izakhiwo ze-quantum zozibuthe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla azo. Umshini ojwayelekile we-MRI udinga amalitha angama-2000 oketshezii-helium. Ngonyaka odlule, i-United States yenza izivivinyo ze-nuclear magnetic resonance ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-38. IForbes iyakukholelwa lokhoi-heliumukushoda kungase kube inkinga yezokwelapha elandelayo yomhlaba wonke.

"Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwe-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging emphakathini wezokwelapha, i-i-heliumInkinga kufanele ibe iphambili nesikhungo sosopolitiki, abakhi benqubomgomo, odokotela, iziguli kanye nomphakathi ukuze baxoxe futhi bathole izixazululo ezisimeme. Ukushoda kwei-heliumkuyinkinga engathi sína, esithinta ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.”

Namabhaluni ephathi.

Izindleko ze-helium zizokhuphuka

Uma uyinkampani ye-aerospace ibhizinisi layo lincike ekuthumeleni iziphuphutheki emkhathini, noma umenzi we-MRI ibhizinisi lakhe lincike ekuthengiseni imishini ye-MRI, ngeke uvumele.i-heliumukushoda kuphazamisa ibhizinisi lakho. Ngeke umise ukukhiqiza. Uzokhokha noma iyiphi intengo edingekayo futhi udlulisele izindleko. Omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha kanye nazo zonke izidingo zokuphila zanamuhlai-helium. Ayikho enye indawo ye-helium, ngaphandle kwalokho esingabuyela eNkathini Yamatshe.

I-Heliumiwumkhiqizo ophuma kuwo wokuhluza igesi yemvelo. Umkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni yi-United States (ibalwa cishe ngama-40% okunikezwayo), kulandele iQatar, i-Algeria neRussia. Nokho, izwe lase-United Statesi-heliumreserve, umthombo owodwa we-helium omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni eminyakeni engama-70 edlule, isanda kuyeka ukuhlinzeka. Inkampani ivumela abasebenzi ukuthi bahambe, futhi ingcindezi yepayipi isikhishiwe. Lapho i-1200 psi idingeka ekukhiqizeni, ingcindezi manje isiyi-700 psi. Okungenani ngokombono, isistimu okwamanje iyathengiswa.

Le mibhalo ihlangabezane nokubambezeleka e-White House, okungase kuthathe isikhathi ukuxazulula. Ngeke sibone noma iyiphi imakethe ize ixazululwe. Abathengi abangaba khona kufanele futhi bazi ngezinto ezingcolile kanye nezinyathelo zomthetho eziqhubekayo. Ukunikezwa okukhului-heliumisitshalo esisanda kwakhiwa yiGazprom e-Amur, empumalanga yeRussia, sivaliwe, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi kube khona ukukhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2023, ngoba sithembele konjiniyela baseNtshonalanga, abamanqikanqika ukuthumela abasebenzi eRussia njengamanje. .

Kunoma yikuphi, kuzoba nzima ukuthi iRussia ithengise ngaphandle kweChina neRussia. Eqinisweni, iRussia inamandla okuba ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - kodwa lena yiRussia. Ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-Qatar yaba nokuvalwa okubili. Nakuba isivulwe kabusha, ngamafuphi, sihlangabezane nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi ukushoda kwe-helium 4.0, okungokwesine ukushoda kwe-helium emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2006.

Amathuba embonini ye-helium

Njengoba ngei-heliumukushoda kwe-1.0, 2.0 kanye ne-3.0, ukuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwemboni encane nakho kubangele ukukhathazeka. Ukushoda kwe-helium 4.0 kungukuqhubeka kuka-2.0 no-3.0 kuphela. Ngamafuphi, umhlaba udinga ukunikezwa okushai-helium. Isixazululo ukutshala imali kwabangase babe abakhiqizi nabathuthukisi be-helium. Baningi ngaphandle, kodwa njengazo zonke izinkampani zemithombo yemvelo, ama-75% abantu azohluleka.