Eminyakeni yekhulu leminyaka le-carbon peak kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amazwe asemhlabeni wonke afuna ngenkuthalo isizukulwane esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe bamandla, kanye nohlazaamoniyaUba ukugxila kokunakwa komhlaba muva nje. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hydrogen, i-ammonia iyakhula isuka emkhakheni wendabuko wendabuko wezolimo uye enkampanini yamandla ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezisobala ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni.

I-Faria, uchwepheshe e-University of Twente eNetherlands, wathi ngokunyuka kwamanani entengo yekhabhoni, i-ammonia eluhlaza kungaba yinkosi yesikhathi esizayo kagesi.

Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela i-ammonia eluhlaza? Siyini isimo saso sokuthuthuka? Yiziphi izimo zesicelo? Ingabe kungokomnotho?

I-Ammonia eluhlaza kanye nesimo sayo sokuthuthuka

I-Hydrogen iyinto ebalulekile eluhlazaamoniyaukukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngokukhishwa okuhlukile kwekhabhoni enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, i-ammonia nayo ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezine ezilandelayo ngombala:

-Mpungaamoniya: Kwenziwe kusuka emandleni endabuko yendabuko (igesi yemvelo namalahle).

I-Blue Ammonia: I-Raw Hydrogen ikhishwe kumafutha e-fossil, kepha ubuchwepheshe bekhabhoni nobuchwepheshe bokugcina busetshenziswa kwinqubo yokucolisa.

I-Ammonia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka I-hydrogen etholakele kwinqubo isetshenziswa njengento engavuthiwe ukukhiqiza i-ammonia isebenzisa ugesi oluhlaza.

I-Green Ammon: Ugesi oluhlaza olwenziwe ngamandla avuselelekayo anjenge-Wind and Solar Energy esetshenziselwa ukwenza amanzi e-electrogen ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen, bese i-ammonia ihlelwa kusuka ku-nitrogen ne-hydrogen emoyeni.

Ngoba i-ammonia eluhlaza ikhiqiza i-nitrogen namanzi ngemuva kokuthambekela, futhi ayikhiqizi i-carbon dioxide, i-ammonia eluhlaza ibhekwa njenge-fuel "zero-carbon" kanye nemithombo ebalulekile yamandla ehlanzekile ngokuzayo.

Luhlaza okomhlaba wonkeamoniyaImakethe iseseyinsimini yayo. Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, usayizi wemakethe ye-Green Ammonia ukhuluma nge-US $ 36 million ngo-2021 kanti kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ama-US $ 5.48 billion ngonyaka ka-204.8%, anamandla amakhulu. I-Yundao Capital ibikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kweminyaka yonke kwe-ammonia eluhlaza kuyokwedlula amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngonyaka ka-2030 futhi kudlule amathani angama-560 wezigidi ngo-2050, abalale ngaphezulu kwama-80% omkhiqizo we-ammonia womhlaba wonke.

Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2023, amaphrojekthi angaphezu kwama-60 ama-ammonia athunyelwa emhlabeni wonke, kanti inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza elihleliwe lamathani / ngonyaka angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-35. Amaphrojekthi aphesheya ama-Ammona asatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi e-Australia, ENingizimu Melika, eYurophu naseMiddle East.

Kusukela ngo-2024, imboni yasekhaya eluhlaza yase-Ammonia eChina yathuthuka ngokushesha. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, kusukela ngonyaka we-2024, sekuthuthukisiwe amaphrojekthi ama-hydrogen ammonia angaphezu kwama-20. I-Envinsion Technology Grough, China Energy Construction, I-State Power Deventiment Corporation, i-State Energy Group, njll.

Izimo Zokusebenza ze-Green Ammon

Njengamandla ahlanzekile, i-ammonia eluhlaza inezimo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza ngokuzayo. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwezolimo nezimboni, kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganisa amandla okugcina amandla, amafutha okuhambisa, ukulungiswa kwekhabhoni, isitoreji se-hydrogen kanye nezinye izinkambu.

1. Imboni yokuthumela

Ukukhishwa kwe-Carbon Dioxide kusuka ku-akhawunti yokuthumela ngo-3% kuya ku-4% wokukhishwa kwe-Global Carbon Dioxide ukuphuma. Ngo-2018, inhlangano yamazwe omhlaba yamukele isu lokuqala le-greenhouse i-emission ekhipha i-greenhouse, lihlongoza ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwe-carbon okungenani kuqhathaniswe no-208, futhi kutholakale ukunciphisa ukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni kanye ne-decarbon esikhundleni samandla okuthumelayo yindlela yokuthembisa ngokwezobuchwepheshe.

Ngokuvamile kuzwakala embonini yokuthumela ukuthi i-ammonia eluhlaza engomunye wamafutha amakhulu e-deCarbonalization embonini yokuthumela ngokuzayo.

Irejista kaLloyd yokuthumela lapho yabikezela ukuthi phakathi kuka-2030 no-2050, isilinganiso se-ammonia njengoba ugesi wokuthumela sizokwanda kusuka ku-7% kuya ku-20%, esikhundleni samafutha okuhambisa okubaluleke kakhulu.

2. Imboni Yezizukulwane Zamandla

AmoniyaUkuhlanganiswa akukhiqizi i-CO2, futhi umhlanganisi ohlanganisiwe we-ammonia ungasebenzisa izindawo ezikhona zamalahle aphethwe amalahle ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okukhulu emzimbeni we-boiler. Kuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-carbon dioxide ezitshalweni zamandla amalahle.

NgoJulayi 15, IKhomishini Yezokuthuthukiswa Kwezwe Nezokubuyiselwa Kwezimali kanye neNational Energy Administration ikhiphe "uhlelo lwezenzo zokuguqulwa kwamalahle aphansi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamanani amalahle (ama-coal ashupenti kufanele abe nekhono lokuhlanganisa okungaphezulu kwe-10% eluhlaza ama-ammonia futhi ashise amalahle. Ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga okukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuyancishiswa kakhulu. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuxuba i-ammonia noma i-ammonia emsulwa emayunithi wamandla we-thermal kuyindlela ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe yokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni yekhabhoni ensimini ye-Power Generation.

IJapan ingumgqugquzeli omkhulu we-ammonia ehlanganiswe namandla okuqina. IJapan yakha i-roadmap kaphethiloli ka-20211-2050 yaseJapan Ammonia "ngo-2021, futhi izoqedela ukuboniswa nokuqinisekiswa kwamafutha angu-20% ahlanganisiwe ama-ammonia ama-amonia ama-armonia ama-armal atra ezitshalweni ezingama-2025; Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe be-ammonia buvutha, le ngxenye izonyuka ibe ngaphezu kwama-50%; Cishe ngo-2040, kuzokwakhiwa isithombo samandla amsulwa i-ammonia amandla.

3. Isithwali sesitoreji se-Hydrogen

I-Ammonia isetshenziswa njengesithwali sesitoreji se-hydrogen, futhi idinga ukubhekana nezinqubo ze-ammonia, i-liquefaction, ezokuhamba kanye nokukhishwa kabusha kwe-gaseous hydrogen. Yonke inqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-ammonia-hydrogen ivuthiwe.

Njengamanje, kunezindlela eziyisithupha eziphambili zokugcina i-hydrogen nokuhamba kwe-hyllogen kanye nokuhamba kwe-yylinder ye-pipeline, isitoreji esiphansi se-pipeline, ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen okuqinile, kanye nokugcinwa kwensimbi okuqinile kwe-hydrogen kanye nokuhamba kwensimbi. Phakathi kwazo, ukugcinwa kwe-ammonia kanye nokuhamba kwe-ammonia ukukhipha i-hydrogen nge-ammonia synthesis, i-liquefaction, ezokuhamba kanye nokuqondanisa. I-Ammonia isebenza ngo-at -33 ° C noma i-1mpa. Izindleko ze-hydrogenation / dehydrogenation account ngaphezulu kwama-85%. Akuzwakali ngebanga lokuhamba futhi kufanelekile ukugcinwa okuphakathi nendawo okude nokuhamba kwenqwaba ye-hydrogen, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthwa kolwandle. Ngenye yezindlela ezithembisa kakhulu zesitoreji se-hydrogen nokuhamba ngokuzayo.

4. Izinto zokwakha amakhemikhali

Njengomanyolo we-nitrogen ongaba khona we-nitrogen kanye nezinto eziphambili eziluhlaza zamakhemikhali aluhlaza, oluhlazaamoniyaSizothuthukisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe- "Green ammonia + Umanyolo Green" kanye "ne" Green Ammonia Chemical "Amaketanga Wezimboni.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ammonia eyenziwe nge-Ammonia eyenziwe ngamandla we-fossil, kulindeleke ukuthi i-ammonia eluhlaza ngeke ikwazi ukwakha ukuncintisana okusebenzayo njengento eluhlaza enamakhemikhali ngaphambi kuka-2035.