Ososayensi nonjiniyela bahlole i-prototype yebhaluni le-Venus e-Black Rock Desert yaseNevada ngoJulayi 2022. Imoto encishisiwe yaqeda ngempumelelo izindiza ezimbili zokuqala zokuhlola

Njengoba kunokushisa okukhulu kanye nokucindezela okukhulu, ubuso beVenus bunonya futhi abuxoleli. Eqinisweni, ama-probe afike lapho kuze kube manje athathe amahora ambalwa kuphela. Kodwa kungase kube nenye indlela yokuhlola leli zwe eliyingozi nelithakazelisayo ngale kwe-orbiter, elizungeza ilanga eduze nje noMhlaba. Yilelo ibhaluni. I-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ye-NASA ePasadena, eCalif., ibike ngo-Okthoba 10, 2022 ukuthi ibhaluni lerobhothi lasemoyeni, elinye lemibono yalo yerobhothi lasemoyeni, liqede ngempumelelo izindiza ezimbili zokuhlola phezu kweNevada.

Abacwaningi basebenzise i-prototype yokuhlola, inguqulo encishisiwe yebhaluni elalingase lihambe emafwini aminyene eVenus ngelinye ilanga.

Indiza yokuhlola yebhaluni lokuqala leVenus

I-Venus Aerorobot ehleliwe inobubanzi obungamamitha angu-12 (12 feet), cishe usayizi we-prototype ongu-2/3.

Ithimba lososayensi nonjiniyela abavela e-JPL nase-Near Space Corporation eTillamook, e-Oregon, lenze lolu hambo lokuhlola. Impumelelo yabo iphakamisa ukuthi amabhaluni aseVenus kufanele akwazi ukusinda emoyeni ominyene waleli zwe elingumakhelwane. KuVenus, ibhaluni lizondiza endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angu-55 ngaphezu kobuso. Ukuze lifane nokushisa kanye nobuningi bomkhathi weVenus esivivinyweni, ithimba liphakamise ibhaluni lokuhlola laya endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angu-1.

Ngazo zonke izindlela, ibhaluni liziphatha ngendlela elaklanywa ngayo. UJacob Izraelevitz, uMphenyi Omkhulu we-JPL Flight Test, uchwepheshe weRobotics, uthe: “Sijabule kakhulu ngokusebenza kwale prototype. Yethulwe, yabonisa ukuhamba okulawulekayo kokuphakama, futhi sayibuyisela esimweni esihle ngemva kokubili kokuhamba. Siqophe idatha ebanzi evela kulezi zindiza futhi sibheke phambili ekuyisebenziseni ukuthuthukisa amamodeli ethu okulingisa ngaphambi kokuhlola iplanethi yethu engudadewethu.

UPaul Byrne waseWashington University eSt. Louis kanye nomlingani wesayensi yamarobhothi ezindizayo wanezela: “Impumelelo yalezi zindiza zokuhlola isho lukhulu kithi: Sibonise ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe ifu leVenus. Lezi zivivinyo zibeka isisekelo sendlela esingavumela ngayo ukuhlola amarobhothi isikhathi eside ebusweni besihogo seVenus.

Ukuhamba emoyeni weVenus

Pho kungani kubhaluni? I-NASA ifuna ukutadisha indawo yomkhathi weVenus ephansi kakhulu ukuthi i-orbiter ingayihlaziya. Ngokungafani nama-lander, aqhuma phakathi namahora, amabhaluni angantanta emoyeni amasonto noma ngisho nezinyanga, asuke empumalanga aye entshonalanga. Ibhaluni lingashintsha ukuphakama kwalo phakathi kwamamitha angu-171,000 no-203,000 (amakhilomitha angu-52 kuya kwangu-62) ngaphezu kobuso.

Kodwa-ke, amarobhothi andizayo awawodwa ngokuphelele. Asebenza ne-orbiter engaphezulu komkhathi weVenus. Ngaphezu kokwenza izivivinyo zesayensi, ibhaluni lisebenza futhi njengokuxhumana ne-orbiter.

Amabhaluni ngamabhaluni

Lo mfanekiso empeleni “uyibhaluni elingaphakathi kwebhaluni,” kusho abacwaningi.i-heliumigcwalisa idamu langaphakathi eliqinile. Okwamanje, ibhaluni le-helium yangaphandle eliguquguqukayo lingakhula futhi linciphe. Amabhaluni angaphakama noma awe phansi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngosizo lwei-heliumimigodi yokungenisa umoya. Uma ithimba lezithunywa lifuna ukuphakamisa ibhaluni, lalizokhipha umoya we-helium lisuka echibini elingaphakathi liye ebhaluni elingaphandle. Ukuze libuyisele ibhaluni endaweni yalo,i-heliumivulelwa emuva echibini. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ibhaluni elingaphandle linciphe futhi lilahlekelwe ukuntanta okuthile.

Indawo ebhubhisayo

Ekuphakameni okuhleliwe kwamakhilomitha angu-55 ngaphezu kobuso beVenus, izinga lokushisa alibi kangako futhi ingcindezi yomoya ayinamandla kangako. Kodwa le ngxenye yomkhathi weVenus isashisa kakhulu, ngoba amafu agcwele amaconsi e-sulfuric acid. Ukuze basize ukumelana nale ndawo egqwalisayo, onjiniyela bakha ibhaluni ngezendlalelo eziningi zezinto. Izinto ezibonakalayo zinoqweqwe olumelana ne-asidi, i-metallization yokunciphisa ukushisa kwelanga, kanye nengqimba yangaphakathi ehlala iqinile ngokwanele ukuthwala izinsimbi zesayensi. Ngisho nezimbozo azimelani ne-asidi. Ukuhlolwa kwendiza kukhombisile ukuthi izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwebhaluni kufanele kusebenze nakuVenus. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukusinda kweVenus ziyinselele ukukhiqiza, futhi ukuqina kokuphatha esikubonisile ekuqaliseni nasekubuyiseleni kwethu eNevada kusinika ukuzethemba ekuthembekeni kwamabhaluni ethu kuVenus.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi nonjiniyela abathile bephakamisa amabhaluni njengendlela yokuhlola iVenus. Lokhu kungase kube ngokoqobo maduze. Isithombe nge-NASA.

Isayensi Emkhathini weVenus

Ososayensi bahlomisa amabhaluni ocwaningo oluhlukahlukene lwesayensi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukufuna amaza omsindo emkhathini okhiqizwa ukuzamazama komhlaba kweVenus. Okunye kokuhlaziywa okujabulisa kakhulu kuzoba ukwakheka komkhathi ngokwawo.I-carbon dioxideYakha ingxenye enkulu yesimo sezulu seVenus, ivuselela umphumela wokushisa osabalele owenze iVenus yaba yinto esabekayo ebusweni. Ukuhlaziywa okusha kunganikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile mayelana nokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani ngempela. Eqinisweni, ososayensi bathi ezinsukwini zokuqala, iVenus yayifana kakhulu noMhlaba. Ngakho kwenzekani?

Vele, selokhu ososayensi babika ngokutholakala kwe-phosphine emoyeni weVenus ngo-2020, umbuzo wokuphila okungenzeka emafwini eVenus uvuselele isithakazelo. Imvelaphi ye-phosphine ayicaci, futhi ezinye izifundo zisakungabaza ukuba khona kwayo. Kodwa imisebenzi yamabhaluni efana nale ingaba ngcono ekuhlaziyeni okujulile kwamafu futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokuhlonza noma yimaphi amagciwane ngokuqondile. Imisebenzi yamabhaluni efana nale ingasiza ekuvezeni ezinye zemfihlo edidayo neyinselele kakhulu.