Indima ye-helium ku-R&D yenuzi

I-Heliumidlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa kwenyukliya. Iphrojekthi ye-ITER e-Estuary yaseRhône eFrance iyi-reactor yokuhlanganisa i-thermonuclear yokuhlola esakhiwayo. Iphrojekthi izosungula isitshalo sokupholisa ukuqinisekisa ukupholisa kwe-reactor. “Ukuze kukhiqizwe amasimu kagesi adingekayo ukuzungeza i-reactor, kudingeka izinto zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu, futhi izinto zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu kudingeka zisebenze emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, asondele ku-zero ngokuphelele.” Esitshalo sokupholisa se-ITER, indawo yesitshalo se-helium ithatha indawo engamamitha-skwele angu-3,000, kanti indawo iyonke ifinyelela kumamitha-skwele angu-5,400.

Ekuhlolweni kokuhlanganiswa kwe-nuclear,i-heliumisetshenziswa kabanzi emsebenzini wokuqandisa nokupholisa.I-Heliumibhekwa njenge-refrigerant efanelekile ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezi-cryogenic kanye nokushisa okuhle. Esikhungweni sokupholisa se-ITER,i-heliumisetshenziselwa ukugcina i-reactor ekushiseni okulungile kokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingasebenza kahle futhi ikhiqize amandla anele okuhlanganisa.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-reactor, isitshalo sokupholisa sisebenzisa izinto ezisebenzisa amandla amakhulu kagesi ukukhiqiza insimu kagesi edingekayo. Izinto ezisebenzisa amandla amakhulu kagesi kudingeka zisebenze emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, acishe abe yi-zero ngokuphelele, ukuze kube nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa amandla amakhulu kagesi. Njengendawo yokuqandisa ebalulekile,i-heliumingahlinzeka ngendawo edingekayo yokushisa okuphansi futhi ipholise ngempumelelo izinto ezisebenza ngamandla amakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingafinyelela isimo sokusebenza esilindelekile.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesitshalo sokupholisa i-ITER,i-heliumIsitshalo sithatha indawo enkulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwe-helium ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-nuclear fusion, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekuhlinzekeni indawo edingekayo ye-cryogenic kanye nomphumela wokupholisa.

Ekuphetheni,i-heliumidlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kokuhlanganiswa kwe-nuclear. Njengendawo efanelekile yokubanda, isetshenziswa kabanzi emsebenzini wokupholisa we-reactors yokuhlola ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nuclear. Esikhungweni sokupholisa se-ITER, ukubaluleka kwe-helium kubonakala emandleni ayo okuhlinzeka ngendawo ephansi yokushisa edingekayo kanye nomphumela wokupholisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-reactor ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi ikhiqize amandla anele okuhlanganiswa. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwe-nuclear, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-helium emkhakheni wocwaningo nentuthuko azoba banzi.