Indima ye-helium ku-nuclear R&D

I-Heliumidlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi. Iphrojekthi ye-ITER e-Estuary of the Rhône e-France iyisisusa esisahlolwayo se-thermonuclear fusion esakhiwayo. Iphrojekthi izosungula indawo yokupholisa ukuqinisekisa ukupholisa kwe-reactor. "Ukuze kukhiqizwe amasimu kagesi adingekayo ukuze azungeze i-reactor, kudingeka izinto zikazibuthe ezisebenza ngamandla amakhulu, futhi izinto ezisebenza ngozibuthe ezinkulu zidinga ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, asondele ku-zero ngokuphelele." Embonini yokupholisa ye-ITER, indawo yesitshalo se-helium ithatha indawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-3,000, futhi indawo yonke ifinyelela ku-5,400 square metres.

Ezivivinyweni ze-nuclear fusion,i-heliumisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wesiqandisi nomsebenzi wokupholisa.I-Heliumibhekwa njengesiqandisi esikahle ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-cryogenic kanye ne-conductivity enhle yokushisa. Embonini yokupholisa ye-ITER,i-heliumisetshenziselwa ukugcina i-reactor isezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingasebenza kahle futhi ikhiqize amandla anele okuhlanganisa.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-reactor, isitshalo sokupholisa sisebenzisa izinto ezinozibuthe ezinkulu kakhulu ukuze sikhiqize insimu ye-electromagnetic edingekayo. I-Superconducting magnetic materials idinga ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, eduze no-zero ngokuphelele, ukuze uthole izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-superconducting. Njengesiqandisi esibalulekile,i-heliumingahlinzeka ngendawo edingekayo yezinga lokushisa eliphansi futhi ipholise ngokuphumelelayo izinto ezizibuthe ze-superconducting ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingakwazi ukufeza isimo esilindelekile sokusebenza.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesitshalo sokupholisa i-ITER, ii-heliumisitshalo sithatha indawo enkulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka kwe-helium ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kokuhlangana kwe-nuclear, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekunikezeni indawo edingekayo ye-cryogenic kanye nomthelela wokupholisa.

Ekuphetheni,i-heliumidlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kokuhlangana kwezikhali zenuzi. Njengesiqandisi esikahle, sisetshenziswa kakhulu emsebenzini wokupholisa wama-reactors okulinga e-nuclear fusion. Embonini yokupholisa ye-ITER, ukubaluleka kwe-helium kubonakala ekhonweni layo lokuhlinzeka ngendawo edingekayo yezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nomthelela wokupholisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-reactor ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi ikhiqize amandla anele okuhlanganisa. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi, ithemba lokusetshenziswa kwe-helium emkhakheni wocwaningo nentuthuko lizoba banzi.