Uhlelo lwasekhaya lokushintsha igesi eyisipesheli ye-elekthronikhi selusheshiswe ngendlela eyindilinga!

Ngo-2018, imakethe yegesi ye-elekthronikhi yomhlaba wonke yamasekethe ahlanganisiwe yafinyelela ku-US$4.512 billion, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-16%.Izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwemboni yegesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi yama-semiconductors kanye nosayizi wemakethe omkhulu kusheshise uhlelo lokufaka esikhundleni segesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi!

Iyini igesi ye-electron?

Igesi ye-elekthronikhi ibhekisela ezintweni eziyisisekelo zomthombo ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-semiconductors, izibonisi zephaneli eyisicaba, ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, amaseli elanga neminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanzeni, ekufakeni, ekubunjweni kwefilimu, ekudongeni nakwezinye izinqubo.Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-elekthronikhi zihlanganisa imboni ye-electronics, amaseli elanga, ukuxhumana kweselula, ukuzulazula kwezimoto kanye nezinhlelo zomsindo wemoto nevidiyo, i-aerospace, imboni yezempi kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi.

Igesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyisikhombisa ngokuya ngamakhemikhali ayo: i-silicon, i-arsenic, i-phosphorus, i-boron, i-hydride yensimbi, i-halide ne-alkoxide yensimbi.Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokusebenzisa kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe, ingahlukaniswa ibe igesi ye-doping, igesi ye-epitaxy, igesi yokufakelwa kwe-ion, igesi ekhipha ukukhanya ephumayo, igesi ebambayo, igesi yokubeka umhwamuko wamakhemikhali kanye negesi yebhalansi.Kunamagesi akhethekile angaphezu kweyunithi ye-110 asetshenziswa embonini ye-semiconductor, okungaphezu kwama-30 asetshenziswa kakhulu.

 

Ngokuvamile, imboni yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor ihlukanisa amagesi zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: amagesi avamile namagesi akhethekile.Phakathi kwazo, igesi evame ukusetshenziswa ibhekisela ekunikezeni indawo eyodwa futhi isebenzisa igesi eningi, njenge-N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, njll. Igesi ekhethekile ibhekisela kwamanye amagesi amakhemikhali asetshenziswa inqubo yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor, njenge isandiso, umjovo we-ion, ukuxuba, ukuwasha, nokwakheka kwemaski, okuyilokho manje esikubiza ngegesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi, njenge-high-purity SiH4, PH3, ASH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, I-HCl, i-Cl2, njll.

Kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yemboni ye-semiconductor, kusukela ekukhuleni kwe-chip kuya ekufakweni kokugcina kwedivayisi, cishe sonke isixhumanisi asinakuhlukaniswa negesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zegesi esetshenziswayo kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu, ngakho-ke igesi ye-elekthronikhi inempahla ye-semiconductor.“Ukudla”.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezinkulu zaseShayina ezifana nama-semiconductors namaphaneli okubonisa ziye zanda kumthamo omusha wokukhiqiza, futhi kunesidingo esinamandla sokushintshwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto zamakhemikhali kagesi.Isikhundla samagesi e-elekthronikhi embonini ye-semiconductor sesivele sigqama kakhulu.Imboni yasekhaya yegesi ye-elekthronikhi izoletha ukukhula okusheshayo.

Igesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlanzeka, ngoba uma ubumsulwa bungahambisani nezidingo, amaqembu angcolile anjengomhwamuko wamanzi kanye ne-oxygen egesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi azokwakha kalula ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni be-semiconductor, ethinta igesi. impilo yesevisi yezinto zikagesi, kanye negesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi iqukethe Izinhlayiya zokungcola zingabangela ama-semiconductor ama-short circuits kanye nomonakalo wesekethe.Kungashiwo ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanzeka kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuneni nasekusebenzeni kokukhiqizwa kwemishini kagesi.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni ye-semiconductor, inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-chip iyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi manje isifinyelele ku-5nm, esezofinyelela umkhawulo woMthetho kaMoore, olingana nengxenye yamashumi amabili yobubanzi bezinwele zomuntu ( cishe 0.1 mm).Ngakho-ke, lokhu futhi kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme ekuhlanzekeni kwegesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi ekhiqizwa ama-semiconductors.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-15-2021