Ngo-2018, imakethe yegesi yomhlaba wonke yemibuthano ehlanganisiwe yafinyelela kuma-US $ 4.512 billion, ukukhuphuka konyaka ngo-16%. Izinga lokukhula okuphezulu komkhakha wegesi okhethekile kagesi we-semiconductors kanye nosayizi omkhulu wemakethe usheshise uhlelo lokufaka esikhundleni segesi ekhethekile kagesi!
Yini igesi ye-elektroni?
Igesi ye-elekthronikhi isho izinto zomthombo eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwama-semiconductors, ama-diolives wephaneli elikhanyayo, amaseli elanga neminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni kanye nezinye izinqubo kanye nezinye izinqubo. Izindawo eziphambili zesicelo segesi kagesi zibandakanya imboni ye-elekthronikhi, amaseli we-solar, ukuxhumana kwe-mobile, ukuzulazula kwemoto nezinhlelo zemoto ezilalelwayo kanye nama-aerospace, imboni yezempi, neminye imikhakha eminingi.
Igesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi ingahlukaniswa izigaba eziyisikhombisa ngokuya ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali uqobo: i-silicon, i-arsenic, phosphorus, i-boron, i-hydride ye-alkoxide. Ngokuya ngezindlela ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza emibuthanweni ehlanganisiwe, zingahlukaniswa nge-doping gas, i-epitaxy gas, i-ion infantation igesi, i-diode-emfing emnandi igesi, igesi yokufaka igesi, igesi yamakhemikhali ye-vapor, igesi yamakhemikhali ye-vapor, igesi yamakhemikhali. Kunamagesi akhethekile angaphezu kwama-110 eyunithi embonini ye-semiconductor, lapho kungaphezulu kwama-30 asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, imboni yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor ihlukanisa amagesi ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: amagesi ajwayelekile namagesi akhethekile. Phakathi kwazo, igesi evame ukusetshenziswa ibhekisa ekuhlinzekeni okumaphakathi futhi isebenzisa igesi eningi, njenge-N2, H2, i-O2, i-Special Special Geas, i-Ph3, i-Ash3, B2H6, N2O, I-NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCL3, BF3, HCL, CL2, njll.
Kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza imboni ye-semiconductor, kusuka ekukhuleni kwe-chip kuya ekuphaketheni kwedivayisi yokugcina, cishe zonke izixhumanisi zihlukaniswa kusuka kugesi okhethekile kagesi, kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu, ngakho-ke igesi ye-elektroniki inezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-semiconductor. "Ukudla".
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izakhi ezinkulu ze-elekthronikhi zaseChina ezinjengama-semiconductors kanye namaphaneli wokubonisa zikhuphukile endaweni entsha yokukhiqiza, futhi kunesidingo esinamandla sokungeniswa esikhundleni sezinto zamakhemikhali ze-elekthronikhi. Isikhundla samagesi we-elekthronikhi embonini ye-semiconductor seke sagqama. Umkhakha wegesi wasekhaya we-elekthronikhi uzothumela ekukhuleni okusheshayo.
Igesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zobumsulwa, ngoba uma ubumsulwa bungelutho, amaqembu okungcola afana nomoya okhethekile we-semicoc, kanye negesi ekhethekile ye-elekthronikhi aqukethe amasekethe ama-semiconductor angenza amasekethe amafushane kanye nomonakalo wesifunda. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kobumsulwa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwensiza ye-elekthronikhi.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komkhakha we-semiconductor, inqubo yokukhiqiza chip iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi manje sekufinyelele ku-5mm, okuzosondela emngceleni womthetho we-Moore, olingana nomuntu onobubanzi bezinwele zomuntu (cishe ngo-0,1 mm). Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubeka nezidingo eziphakeme phambili ngobumsulwa begesi ekhethekile ekhiqizwe yi-semiconductors.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-15-2021
