I-nitrous oxide, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi igesi ehlekayo noma i-nitrous, iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, i-oxide ye-nitrogen enefomula ethi N2O.

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo

I-nitrous oxide, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi igesi ehlekayo noma i-nitrous, iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, i-oxide ye-nitrogen enefomula ethi N2O. Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, igesi engenambala engashi, enephunga elincane lensimbi nokunambitha. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-nitrous oxide iyi-oxidizer enamandla efana nomoya-mpilo wamangqamuzana.

I-Nitrous oxide inokusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzeni nasekuhlolweni kwamazinyo, ngenxa yemiphumela yayo yokubulala izinzwa kanye nokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Igama layo elithi “igesi ehlekayo”, elaqanjwa u-Humphry Davy, kungenxa yemiphumela ejabulisayo lapho uyihogela, okuyimpahla eholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ekuzijabuliseni njengesibulala-zinzwa esihlukanisayo. Isohlwini lwe-World Health Organization Lwemithi Ebalulekile, imithi esebenza ngempumelelo nephephile edingekayo ohlelweni lwezempilo.[2] Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-oxidizer kuma-rocket propellants, nasemjahweni wezimoto ukukhulisa amandla okukhipha izinjini.

Ukucaciswa

Isicelo

Ezokwelapha
I-nitrous oxide ibilokhu isetshenziswa kudokotela wamazinyo nasekuhlinzeni, njengesidambisa-zinhlungu nesidambisa-zinhlungu, kusukela ngo-1844.

I-elekthronikhi
Isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-silane ukuze kufakwe umhwamuko wamakhemikhali wezingqimba ze-silicon nitride; iphinde isetshenziswe ekucubunguleni okushisayo okusheshayo ukuze kukhule ama-oxide asesangweni aphezulu.

Ukupakisha&Ukuthumela

Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala

UKUHAMBA: Uma kwenzeka imiphumela emibi, susa uye endaweni engangcolisiwe. Nikeza ukuphefumula kokwenziwa uma kungenjalo

ukuphefumula. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, umoya-mpilo kufanele unikezwe izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe. Thola ngokushesha

ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

UKUTHINTA NGESIKHUMBA: Uma kuba nesithwathwa noma kubanda, geza ngokushesha ngamanzi ayisivivi (105-115 F; 41-46 C). UNGAWASEBENZISI AMANZI ASHISAYO. Uma amanzi afudumele engekho, bopha ngobumnene izingxenye ezithintekile

izingubo zokulala. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

UKUXHUMANA NAMEHLO: Sula amehlo ngamanzi amaningi.

UKUMNJA: Uma kugwinywe inani elikhulu, thola usizo lwezempilo.

ISAZISO KUDOCELA: Ukuze uhogele, cabanga nge-oxygen.

Isebenzisa

1.Izinjini zamarokhethi

I-nitrous oxide ingasetshenziswa njenge-oxidizer ku-rocket motor. Lokhu kunenzuzo ngaphezu kwamanye ama-oxidisers ngoba akugcini nje ngokungewona ubuthi, kodwa ngenxa yokuzinza kwawo ekamelweni lokushisa kulula futhi ukuwagcina futhi kuphephe kakhulu ukuqhuba indiza. Njengenzuzo yesibili, ingase ibole kalula ukuze yakhe umoya wokuphefumula. Ukuminyana kwayo okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphansi kwesitoreji (uma igcinwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi) iyenza ikwazi ukuncintisana kakhulu nezinhlelo zegesi ezinomfutho ophezulu ogciniwe.

2.Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi — (injini ye-Nitrous oxide)

Emijahweni yezimoto, i-nitrous oxide (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-nitrous”) ivumela injini ukuba ishise uphethiloli omningi ngokunikeza umoya-mpilo omningi kunomoya wodwa, okuholela ekushiseni okunamandla.

I-nitrous oxide ewuketshezi yezinga lezimoto ihluka kancane ku-nitrous oxide yezinga lezokwelapha. Inani elincane le-sulphur dioxide (SO2) liyengezwa ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ukugeza okuningi ngesisekelo (okufana ne-sodium hydroxide) kungasusa lokhu, kunciphise izakhiwo ezibolayo ezibonwa lapho i-SO2 iphinde ikhishwe nge-oxidised ngesikhathi sokusha ibe yi-sulfuric acid, okwenza ukukhishwa kuhlanzeke.

3.I-aerosol propellant

Igesi ivunyiwe ukuthi isetshenziswe njengesithako sokudla (esaziwa nangokuthi i-E942), ikakhulukazi njenge-aerosol spray propellant. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuvame kakhulu kulo mongo kusezigqokweni zikakhilimu ophehliwe i-aerosol, izifutho zokupheka, nanjengegesi engasebenzi esetshenziselwa ukukhipha umoya-mpilo ukuze kuvinjwe ukukhula kwamagciwane lapho kugcwalisa amaphakheji ama-chips amazambane nokunye ukudla okulula okufanayo.

Ngokufanayo, isifutho sokupheka, esenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha ahlanganiswe ne-lecithin (i-emulsifier), singasebenzisa i-nitrous oxide njengesithako. Amanye ama-propellants asetshenziswa ekuphekeni isifutho afaka utshwala obusezingeni lokudla kanye ne-propane.

4.Umuthi——–Nitrous oxide (umuthi)

I-nitrous oxide ibilokhu isetshenziswa kudokotela wamazinyo nasekuhlinzeni, njengesidambisa-zinhlungu nesidambisa-zinhlungu, kusukela ngo-1844.

I-Nitrous oxide iyi-anesthesia evamile ebuthakathaka, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa yodwa ku-anesthesia evamile, kodwa isetshenziswa njengegesi ethwala (ixutshwe nomoya-mpilo) emithini yokubulala izinzwa enamandla kakhulu njenge-sevoflurane noma i-desflurane. Inesilinganiso esincane se-alveolar esingu-105% kanye ne-coefficient yokuhlukanisa igazi/yegesi engu-0.46. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrous oxide ku-anesthesia, nokho, kungandisa ingozi yesicanucanu sangemva kokuhlinzwa nokuhlanza.

EBrithani naseCanada, i-Entonox ne-Nitronox isetshenziswa ngokuvamile yizisebenzi ze-ambulensi (kuhlanganise nabasebenzi abangabhalisiwe) njengegesi edambisa ubuhlungu esheshayo nesebenza kakhulu.

I-50% ye-nitrous oxide ingacatshangelwa ukuthi isetshenziswe abaphenduli bosizo lokuqala abaqeqeshiwe abangewona ochwepheshe kuzilungiselelo zangaphambi kwesibhedlela, uma kubhekwa kalula kanye nokuphepha kokunikeza i-50% ye-nitrous oxide njenge-analgesic. Ukuhlehla ngokushesha komthelela wayo nakho kuzoyivimbela ekuvimbeni ngaphambi kokuxilongwa.

5.Ukusetshenziswa kwezokungcebeleka

Ukuhogela ukuzilibazisa kwe-nitrous oxide, ngenjongo yokubangela ukujabula kanye/noma ukubona okuncane, kwaqala njengento eyenzeka kubantu abaphezulu baseBrithani ngo-1799, okwaziwa ngokuthi “amaphathi egesi ahlekayo”.

E-United Kingdom, kusukela ngo-2014, i-nitrous oxide ilinganiselwa ukuthi izosetshenziswa abantu abasha abangaba ingxenye yesigidi ezindaweni zasebusuku, emikhosini, nasemaphathini. Ukuba semthethweni kwalokho kusetshenziswa kuyehluka kakhulu kuye ngamazwe, ngisho nedolobha nedolobha kwamanye amazwe.