I-nitrous oxide, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-laughing gas noma i-nitrous, iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, i-oxide ye-nitrogen enefomula i-N2O

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo

I-nitrous oxide, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-laughing gas noma i-nitrous, iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, i-oxide ye-nitrogen enefomula i-N2O. Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, iyigesi engenambala engashi, enephunga elincane lensimbi kanye nokunambitheka. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-nitrous oxide iyi-oxidizer enamandla efana ne-oxygen yama-molecule.

I-nitrous oxide inokusetshenziswa okuphawulekayo kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzeni nasekuhlinzeni amazinyo, ngenxa yemiphumela yayo yokubulala izinzwa kanye nokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Igama layo elithi "igesi ehlekayo", eliqanjwe nguHumphry Davy, libangelwa yimiphumela yenjabulo lapho uyiphefumula, okuyisici esiholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kokuzijabulisa njenge-dissociative anesthetic. Isohlwini lweMithi Ebalulekile yeNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, imithi ephumelela kakhulu nephephile edingekayo ohlelweni lwezempilo.[2] Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-oxidizer kuma-rocket propellants, kanye nasekugijimeni kwezimoto ukwandisa amandla okukhipha izinjini.

Imininingwane

Isicelo

Ezokwelapha
I-nitrous oxide ibilokhu isetshenziswa ekwelapheni amazinyo nasekuhlinzeni, njenge-anesthetic kanye ne-analgesic, kusukela ngo-1844

I-elekthronikhi
Isetshenziswa kanye ne-silane ukuze kufakwe umhwamuko wamakhemikhali ezingqimbeni ze-silicon nitride; isetshenziswa futhi ekucutshungulweni okusheshayo kokushisa ukuze kukhuliswe ama-gate oxide asezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukupakisha Nokuthumela

Izindlela zosizo lokuqala

UKUPHEFUMULA: Uma kuvela imiphumela emibi, yisuse endaweni engangcolisiwe. Nikeza umoya wokwenziwa uma kungenjalo

ukuphefumula. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, umoya-mpilo kufanele unikezwe abasebenzi abafanelekayo. Thola usizo ngokushesha.

ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

UKUTHINTANA KWESIKHUMBA: Uma kuvela iqhwa noma ukubanda, hlanza ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi afudumele (105-115 F; 41-46 C). UNGASEBENZISI AMANZI ASHISAYO. Uma amanzi afudumele engekho, songa izingxenye ezithintekile ngobumnene

izingubo zokulala. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

UKUXHUMANA NAMEHLO: Hlanza amehlo ngamanzi amaningi.

UKUGXILA: Uma kugwinywe inani elikhulu, thola usizo lwezokwelapha.

INOTHI KUDOKOTELA: Ukuze uthole umoya-mpilo, cabanga nge-oxygen.

Ukusetshenziswa

1. Ama-rocket motors

I-nitrous oxide ingasetshenziswa njenge-oxidizer ku-rocket motor. Lokhu kunenzuzo kunezinye i-oxidiser ngoba ayigcini nje ngokuba yingozi, kodwa ngenxa yokuqina kwayo ekushiseni kwegumbi kulula ukuyigcina futhi iphephile ukuyithwala endizeni. Njengenzuzo yesibili, ingabola kalula ukuze yakhe umoya ophefumulayo. Ubuningi bayo obuphezulu kanye nomfutho wokugcina ophansi (uma igcinwa ekushiseni okuphansi) kwenza ikwazi ukuncintisana kakhulu nezinhlelo zegesi ezigcinwe zinomfutho ophezulu.

2. Injini yokushisa yangaphakathi —(Injini ye-nitrous oxide)

Ekugijimeni kwezimoto, i-nitrous oxide (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-nitrous”) ivumela injini ukuthi ishise uphethiloli omningi ngokunikeza umoya-mpilo omningi kunomoya wodwa, okuholela ekushiseni okunamandla kakhulu.

I-nitrous oxide ewuketshezi yezinga lezimoto ihlukile kancane kwi-nitrous oxide yezinga lezokwelapha. Inani elincane le-sulfur dioxide (SO2) liyangezwa ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ukugeza okuningi ngesisekelo (njenge-sodium hydroxide) kungakususa lokhu, kunciphise izakhiwo ezigqwalisayo ezibonakala lapho i-SO2 iqiniswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushiswa ibe yi-sulfuric acid, okwenza ukukhishwa komoya kuhlanzeke.

3. I-Aerosol propellant

Igesi ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa njengesithako sokudla (esaziwa nangokuthi i-E942), ikakhulukazi njenge-aerosol spray propellant. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuvame kakhulu kulo mongo kusezitsheni ze-aerosol whipped cream, ezifuthweni zokupheka, kanye nanjengegesi engasebenzi esetshenziselwa ukususa umoya-mpilo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwamagciwane lapho kugcwaliswa amaphakethe ama-potato chips kanye nokunye ukudla okulula okufanayo.

Ngokufanayo, i-cooking spray, eyenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha ahlanganiswe ne-lecithin (i-emulsifier), ingasebenzisa i-nitrous oxide njenge-propellant. Ezinye i-propellant ezisetshenziswa ekuphekeni i-spray zifaka phakathi utshwala bezinga lokudla kanye ne-propane.

4. Imithi——– I-Nitrous oxide (imithi)

I-nitrous oxide ibilokhu isetshenziswa ekwelapheni amazinyo nasekuhlinzeni, njenge-anesthetic kanye ne-analgesic, kusukela ngo-1844.

I-nitrous oxide iyi-anesthesia ejwayelekile ebuthakathaka, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa yodwa ekubulaleni izinzwa okujwayelekile, kodwa isetshenziswa njengegesi yokuthwala (exutshwe nomoya-mpilo) emithini enamandla kakhulu yokubulala izinzwa okujwayelekile njenge-sevoflurane noma i-desflurane. Inezinga eliphansi le-alveolar elingu-105% kanye ne-coefficient yegazi/igesi engu-0.46. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrous oxide ekubulaleni izinzwa kungandisa ingozi yokucasuka nokuhlanza ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

EBrithani naseCanada, i-Entonox ne-Nitronox zivame ukusetshenziswa ngabasebenzi be-ambulensi (kufaka phakathi odokotela abangabhalisiwe) njengegesi yokudambisa ubuhlungu esheshayo nephumelelayo kakhulu.

I-nitrous oxide engu-50% ingacatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngabaphenduli bosizo lokuqala abangochwepheshe ezindaweni zangaphambi kwesibhedlela, ngenxa yobulula kanye nokuphepha kokunikeza i-nitrous oxide engu-50% njengesiqeda-zinhlungu. Ukuguqulwa okusheshayo komphumela wayo kungakuvimbela futhi ekuvimbeleni ukuxilongwa.

5. Ukusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa

Ukuphefumula i-nitrous oxide ngokuzijabulisa, ngenhloso yokubangela injabulo kanye/noma ukubona izinto ezingekho, kwaqala njengento eyenzeka kubantu abaphezulu baseBrithani ngo-1799, eyaziwa ngokuthi “amaphathi egesi ahlekayo”.

E-United Kingdom, kusukela ngo-2014, i-nitrous oxide yayilinganiselwa ukuthi isetshenziswa yintsha ecishe ibe yisigamu sesigidi ezindaweni zasebusuku, emikhosini, nasemaphathini. Ukusemthethweni kwalokho kusetshenziswa kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezwe, ngisho nasemzini nomuzi kwamanye amazwe.