Ama-chipmaker abhekene nesethi entsha yezinselelo. Imboni isengcupheni yobungozi obusha ngemuva kokuthi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ludale izinkinga ze-supply chain. I-Russia, engomunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wamagesi asezingeni eliphezulu asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-semiconductor, isiqalile ukukhawulela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni ewabheka anobutha. Lawa abizwa ngamagesi “ahloniphekile” njengawoneon,argon kanyei-helium.
Leli elinye futhi ithuluzi lomthelela kaPutin kwezomnotho emazweni asebeke unswinyo eMoscow ngokuhlasela i-Ukraine. Ngaphambi kwempi, iRussia ne-Ukraine ndawonye babalelwa cishe amaphesenti angama-30 wokuhlinzekwa kwempahlaneonigesi yama-semiconductors kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ngokusho kwe-Bain & Company. Imikhawulo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe iza ngesikhathi lapho imboni namakhasimende ayo sebeqala ukuvela enkingeni embi kakhulu yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla. Ngonyaka odlule, abakhiqizi bezimoto banciphise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ngenxa yokushoda kwama-chip, ngokusho kwe-LMC Automotive. Ukulethwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthuke engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka.
I-Neonidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor njengoba ibandakanya inqubo ebizwa nge-lithography. Igesi ilawula ubude begagasi bokukhanya okukhiqizwa i-laser, ebhala "imikhondo" ku-silicon wafer. Ngaphambi kwempi, iRussia yaqoqa eluhlazaneonnjengomkhiqizo ezitshalweni zayo zensimbi futhi yathunyelwa e-Ukraine ukuze ihlanzwe. Womabili la mazwe ayengabakhiqizi abakhulu bamagesi aphakeme enkathi yamaSoviet, iSoviet Union eyawasebenzisa ekwakheni ubuchwepheshe bezempi nowomkhathi, nokho impi yase-Ukraine yabangela umonakalo ongapheli emandleni embonini. Impi eshubile emadolobheni athile ase-Ukraine, ahlanganisa iMariupol ne-Odessa, icekele phansi umhlaba wezimboni, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthumela izimpahla ezivela esifundeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela ekuhlaselweni kweRussia eCrimea ngo-2014, abakhiqizi bomhlaba wonke be-semiconductor baye bancipha kancane kancane esifundeni. Isabelo sokuhlinzekwa kweneonigesi e-Ukraine naseRussia ngokomlando liye lahamba phakathi kuka-80% no-90%, kodwa liye lehla kusukela ngo-2014. ngaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu. Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukusho ukuthi imikhawulo yaseRussia yokuthumela ngaphandle izobathinta kanjani abenzi be-semiconductor. Kuze kube manje, impi yase-Ukraine ayizange iphazamise ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwama-chips.
Kodwa ngisho noma abakhiqizi bekwazi ukukhokhela ukunikezwa okulahlekile esifundeni, bangase bakhokhe imali ethe xaxa ngegesi ebalulekile ebalulekile. Amanani abo avame ukuba nzima ukulandelela ngoba iningi lithengiswa ngezinkontileka ezizimele zesikhathi eside, kodwa ngokusho kwe-CNN, icaphuna ochwepheshe, intengo yenkontileka yegesi ye-neon ikhuphuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwe-Ukraine futhi izoletha ukuhlala kuleli zinga ngokuqhathaniswa. isikhathi eside.
I-South Korea, ikhaya le-tech giant i-Samsung, izoba ngowokuqala ukuzwa "ubuhlungu" ngoba ithembele cishe ngokuphelele ekuthengisweni kwegesi ehloniphekile futhi, ngokungafani ne-US, Japan ne-Europe, ayinazo izinkampani ezinkulu zegesi ezingandisa ukukhiqizwa. Ngonyaka odlule, i-Samsung Yadlula i-Intel yase-United States yaba umkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni we-semiconductor. Amazwe manje agijimela ukukhulisa umthamo wawo wokukhiqiza ama-chip ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yobhubhane, okuwashiya echayeke ngesihluku ekungazinzini kwamaketanga omhlaba jikelele.
I-Intel inikele ngokusiza uhulumeni wase-US futhi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka yamemezela ukuthi izotshala ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 ezimbonini ezimbili ezintsha. Ngonyaka odlule, abakwaSamsung baphinde bathembisa ukuthi bazokwakha ifektri eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-17 eTexas. Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwama-chip kungaholela ekufuneni okuphezulu kwamagesi ahloniphekile. Njengoba iRussia isongela ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, iChina ingaba ngomunye wabaphumelele kakhulu, njengoba inamandla amakhulu futhi amasha kakhulu okukhiqiza. Kusukela ngo-2015, i-China ibitshala imali embonini yayo ye-semiconductor, okuhlanganisa nemishini edingekayo ukuhlukanisa amagesi ahloniphekile kweminye imikhiqizo yezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-23-2022
