Abasebenzi bakwaChipmaker babhekene nesethi entsha yezinselelo. Umkhakha ubhekene nengozi ebungozini obusha ngemuva kokuthi i-Covil-19 Pandemic yadala izinkinga zokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo. I-Russia, enye yabahlinzeki abakhulu emhlabeni jikelele bamagesi amahle asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemithi ye-semiconductor, isiqalile ukukhawulela ukuthunyelwa emazweni kubheka ubutha. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi "ama-Noble" amagesi afananeon, i-argon futhialulimoni.
Lokhu kungenye futhi ithuluzi lethonya lezomnotho likaPutin emazweni abeke unswinyo lweMoscow ukuze ahlasele i-Ukraine. Ngaphambi kwempi, eRussia ne-Ukraine kuhlangene cishe ngamaphesenti angama-30 okuhlinzekwaneonigesi yama-semiconductors kanye nezakhi ze-elekthronikhi, ngokusho kweBain & Company. Imikhawulo yokuthekelisa iza ngesikhathi lapho imboni namakhasimende ayo isiqala ukuvela ngenxa yenhlekelele ebi kakhulu. Ngonyaka owedlule, abenzi bezimoto basika ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kakhulu ngenxa yokushoda kwe-chip, ngokusho kwe-LMC izimoto. Ukulethwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthuke engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka.
NeonIdlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-semiconductor njengoba ifaka inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-lithography. Igesi ilawula i-wavelength yokukhanya okukhiqizwe yi-laser, okubhalela "ukulandelwa" ku-silicon wafer. Ngaphambi kwempi, iRussia yaqoqa okuluhlazaneonNjengomkhiqizo owenziwe ngezitshalo zensimbi yalo futhi wathumela e-Ukraine ngokuhlanzwa. Womabili la mazwe abakhiqizi abakhulu bamagesi amahle aseSoviet-amahle, lapho iSoviet Union eyayisetshenziselwa ukwakha ubuchwepheshe bezempi nobuchwepheshe bendawo, kepha impi e-Ukraine yabangela ukulimala okungapheli kwamakhono embonini. Ukulwa okusindayo kwamanye amadolobha ase-Ukraine, kufaka phakathi iMariupol nase-Odessa, kubhubhise umhlaba wezimboni, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe izimpahla esifundeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba ukuhlaselwa kweRussia eCrimea ngonyaka ka-2014, abakhiqizi be-semiconductor bomhlaba wonke bancane kancane kancane bathembele esifundeni. Isabelo SokuhlinzekwaneonIgesi e-Ukraine naseRussia iye yahamba ngomlando phakathi kuka-80% no-90%, kepha inqabile kusukela ngo-2014. Ngaphansi kwesithathu. Kusekuseni kakhulu ukusho ukuthi imingcele yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe izothinta kanjani abenzi bama-semiconductor. Kuze kube manje, impi e-Ukraine ayizange iphazamise ukunikezwa okuqinile kwama-chip.
Kepha noma ngabe abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza ukuhlinzekwa okulahlekile esifundeni, bangakhokha okuningi ngegesi ebalulekile enhle. Amanani abo ngokuvamile anzima ukulandelela ngoba iningi lithengiswa ngezinkontileka zesikhathi eside, kepha ngokusho kweCNN, ochwepheshe bezinkontileka, intengo yenkontileka i-Neon igesi ikhuphuke kahlanu kusukela ngesikhathi se-Ukraine futhi izoqhubeka nokuhlala kuleli zinga isikhathi eside.
I-South Korea, ikhaya ku-Tech Giant Samsung, kuzoba ngowokuqala ukuzwa "izinhlungu" ngoba kuncike ngokuphelele ekungenisweni kwegesi okuhle futhi, ngokungafani ne-US, Japan naseYurophu, akunazinkampani ezinkulu ezingakhulisa ukukhiqizwa. Ngonyaka odlule, i-Samsung idlula i-intel e-United States ukuze ibe ngumkhiqizi omkhulu we-semiconductor emhlabeni. Amazwe manje angumjaho ukukhulisa umthamo wawo wokukhiqiza we-chip ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yobhubhane, ebashiya bedalulwe ngesihluku emaketangeni okunikezwa komhlaba wonke.
I-Intel enikelwe ukusiza uhulumeni wase-US futhi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka wamemezela ukuthi kuzotshala imali engama- $ 20 emafektri amasha amabili. Ngonyaka owedlule, i-Samsung futhi yathembisa ukwakha ifektri engama- $ 17 billion eTexas. Ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwe-chip kungaholela ekufuneni okuphezulu kwamagesi amahle. Njengoba iRussia isongela ukukhawulela ukuthunyelwa kwayo, iChina ingaba ngomunye wabanqobi abakhulu, ngoba inamandla amakhulu futhi amasha okukhiqiza. Kusukela ngo-2015, iChina ibilokhu itshala imali embonini yayo ye-semiconductor, kufaka phakathi imishini edingekayo ukuhlukanisa amagesi amahle avela kweminye imikhiqizo yezimboni.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jun-23-2022
