Abenzi be-chip babhekene nezinselelo ezintsha. Imboni isengozini ngenxa yezingozi ezintsha ngemuva kokuba ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ludale izinkinga zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla. IRussia, enye yabahlinzeki abakhulu emhlabeni bamagesi amahle asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor, isiqalile ukukhawulela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni ewabheka njengonobutha. Lawa amagesi abizwa ngokuthi “ahloniphekile” njengei-neon, i-argon kanyei-helium.
Leli elinye ithuluzi lethonya likaPutin kwezomnotho emazweni abeke izithiyo eMoscow ngokuhlasela i-Ukraine. Ngaphambi kwempi, iRussia ne-Ukraine ndawonye zazibalelwa cishe kumaphesenti angama-30 okutholakala kwempahla.i-neonigesi yama-semiconductor kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ngokusho kweBain & Company. Imikhawulo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ifika ngesikhathi lapho imboni namakhasimende ayo beqala ukuphuma enkingeni enkulu yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla. Ngonyaka odlule, abenzi bezimoto banciphise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-chip, ngokusho kwe-LMC Automotive. Ukulethwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthuke engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka.
I-Neonidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor njengoba ihilela inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-lithography. Igesi ilawula ubude bokukhanya obukhiqizwa yi-laser, ebhala "imikhondo" ku-silicon wafer. Ngaphambi kwempi, iRussia yaqoqa okuluhlazai-neonnjengomkhiqizo ongeziwe ezikhungweni zayo zensimbi futhi wayithumela e-Ukraine ukuze ihlanzwe. Womabili la mazwe ayengabakhiqizi abakhulu begesi enhle yesikhathi samaSoviet, eyayisetshenziswa yiSoviet Union ukwakha ubuchwepheshe bezempi kanye nobesikhala, kodwa impi e-Ukraine yabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo emandleni ale mboni. Ukulwa okukhulu kwamanye amadolobha ase-Ukraine, okuhlanganisa iMariupol ne-Odessa, kubhubhise umhlaba wezimboni, okwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthumela izimpahla ezivela esifundeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, selokhu iRussia yahlasela iCrimea ngo-2014, abakhiqizi be-semiconductor bomhlaba wonke baye kancane kancane bancika kakhulu esifundeni.i-neonIgesi e-Ukraine naseRussia ngokomlando ibilokhu iphakathi kuka-80% no-90%, kodwa yehlile kusukela ngo-2014. ingaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu. Kusenesikhathi kakhulu ukusho ukuthi imikhawulo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yaseRussia izothinta kanjani abakhiqizi be-semiconductor. Kuze kube manje, impi e-Ukraine ayizange iphazamise ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwama-chips.
Kodwa noma ngabe abakhiqizi bayakwazi ukubuyisa ukulahleka kokunikezwa esifundeni, bangase bakhokha kakhulu ngegesi ebalulekile ebalulekile. Amanani abo ngokuvamile kunzima ukuwalandela ngoba iningi lawo lithengiswa ngezinkontileka zangasese zesikhathi eside, kodwa ngokusho kwe-CNN, ecaphuna ochwepheshe, intengo yenkontileka yegesi ye-neon ikhuphuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu selokhu kwahlasela i-Ukraine futhi izoletha ukuhlala kuleli zinga isikhathi eside.
INingizimu Korea, ikhaya lenkampani enkulu yezobuchwepheshe i-Samsung, izoba ngeyokuqala ukuzwa “ubuhlungu” ngoba ithembele cishe ngokuphelele ekuthengisweni kwegesi okuhle futhi, ngokungafani ne-US, iJapan neYurophu, ayinazo izinkampani ezinkulu zegesi ezingakhulisa umkhiqizo. Ngonyaka odlule, i-Samsung yadlula i-Intel e-United States yaba umkhiqizi we-semiconductor omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Amazwe manje agijimela ukukhulisa amandla awo okukhiqiza ama-chip ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yobhubhane, okuwashiya evezwe ngonya ekungazinzini kwezintambo zokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke.
I-Intel yanikela ngokusiza uhulumeni wase-US futhi ekuqaleni kwalonyaka yamemezela ukuthi izotshala imali eyizigidigidi ezingama-20 zamaRandi emafektri amabili amasha. Ngonyaka odlule, i-Samsung yathembisa nokwakha ifektri eyizigidigidi ezingama-17 zamaRandi eTexas. Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwama-chip kungaholela ekufuneni okuphezulu kwamagesi amahle. Njengoba iRussia isongela ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, i-China ingaba ngomunye wabanqobi abakhulu, njengoba inamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza futhi amasha. Kusukela ngo-2015, i-China ibilokhu itshala imali embonini yayo ye-semiconductor, okuhlanganisa nemishini edingekayo ukuhlukanisa amagesi amahle kweminye imikhiqizo yezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-23-2022
