I-Methane iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi CH4 (i-athomu eyodwa yekhabhoni nama-athomu amane e-hydrogen).

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo

I-Methane iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi CH4 (i-athomu eyodwa yekhabhoni nama-athomu amane e-hydrogen). I-group-14 hydride kanye ne-alkane elula, futhi iyisakhi esiyinhloko segesi yemvelo. Ukuchichima okulinganiselwe kwe-methane eMhlabeni kuyenza ibe uphethiloli okhangayo, nakuba ukuyithumba nokuyigcina kubangela izinselele ngenxa yesimo sayo segesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokushisa nokucindezela.
I-methane yemvelo itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphansi kolwandle. Uma ifika phezulu nasemkhathini, yaziwa ngokuthi i-atmospheric methane. Umumo we-methane osemkhathini womhlaba unyuke cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-150 kusukela ngo-1750, futhi wenza amaphesenti angama-20 engqikithi yokuphoqelelwa kwemisebe evela kuwo wonke amagesi aphila isikhathi eside futhi axutshwe emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukucaciswa

Ukupakisha&Ukuthumela

Isicelo

Njenge-Fuel
I-methane isetshenziswa njengophethiloli ohovini, ezindlini, ezishisisa amanzi, eziko, ezimotweni, ezinjinini zomoya, nezinye izinto. Ishisa i-oxygen ukuze idale umlilo.

Embonini Yamakhemikhali
I-Methane iguqulwa igesi ye-tosynthesis, ingxube ye-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen, ngokuguqula umusi.

Isebenzisa

I-Methane isetshenziswa ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali ezimbonini futhi ingase ithuthwe njengoketshezi oluqandisiwe (igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi, noma i-LNG). Nakuba ukuvuza okuvela esitsheni esiwuketshezi esiqandisisiwe ekuqaleni kusinda kunomoya ngenxa yokwanda kokuminyana kwegesi ebandayo, igesi emazingeni okushisa asendaweni ilula kunomoya. Amapayipi egesi asabalalisa amanani amakhulu egesi yemvelo, okuyi-methane eyingxenye eyinhloko.

1.Amafutha
I-methane isetshenziswa njengophethiloli ohovini, ezindlini, kwizishisi zamanzi, ohoni, ezimotweni, ezinjinini zomoya, nezinye izinto. Ishisa nge-oxygen ukuze idale ukushisa.

2.Igesi yemvelo
I-methane ibalulekile ekuphehleni ugesi ngokuyishisa njengophethiloli enjini yegesi noma ijeneretha yesitimu. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amafutha e-hydrocarbon, i-methane ikhiqiza isikhutha esincane seyunithi ngayinye yokushisa ekhishwayo. Cishe ku-891 kJ/mol, ukushisa komlilo kwe-methane kuphansi kunanoma iyiphi enye i-hydrocarbon kodwa isilinganiso sokushisa kokuvutha (891 kJ/mol) nesisindo samangqamuzana (16.0 g/mol, okuthi 12.0 g/mol kube ikhabhoni) ibonisa ukuthi i-methane, okuyi-hydrocarbon elula kakhulu, ikhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo (55.7 kJ/g) kunamanye ama-hydrocarbon ayinkimbinkimbi. Emadolobheni amaningi, i-methane ithunyelwa ngamapayipi ezindlini ukuze kufudunyezwe futhi kuphekwe. Kulo mongo ngokuvamile yaziwa ngokuthi igesi yemvelo, ebhekwa njengokuqukethwe kwamandla okungamamegajoule angu-39 nge-cubic meter ngayinye, noma i-BTU engu-1,000 cubic foot ngayinye evamile.

I-Methane esesimweni segesi yemvelo ecindezelwe isetshenziswa njengophethiloli wemoto futhi kuthiwa iyakwazi ukumelana nemvelo kunamanye amafutha enziwe phansi njengophethiloli/uphethiloli kanye nodizili. Ucwaningo lwezindlela zokukhangisa zokugcinwa kwe-methane ukuze zisetshenziswe njengophethiloli wezimoto selwenziwe. .

3.Igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi
I-Liquefied natural gas (LNG) igesi yemvelo (ikakhulukazi i-methane, i-CH4) eshintshiwe yaba uketshezi ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa noma ukuthutha.Kudingeka amathangi e-LNG abizayo ukuze athuthe i-methane.

Igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi ithatha cishe u-1/600 wevolumu yegesi yemvelo endaweni enegesi. Ayinaphunga, ayinambala, ayinabuthi futhi ayigqwali. Izingozi zihlanganisa ukuvutha ngemva kokuhwamuka endaweni enegesi, ukubanda, kanye ne-asphyxia.

4.Liquid-methane rocket fuel
I-refined liquid methane isetshenziswa njengophethiloli we-rocket.I-Methane kubikwa ukuthi inikeza inzuzo ngaphezu kukaphalafini yokufaka ikhabhoni encane ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zama-rocket motors, inciphisa ubunzima bokusebenzisa kabusha izithuthukisi.

I-Methane iyinsada ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Solar system futhi ingase ivunwe endaweni yomunye umzimba wesistimu yelanga (ikakhulukazi, kusetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane okuvela ezintweni zasendaweni ezitholakala ku-Mars noma i-Titan), ehlinzeka ngophethiloli ohambweni lokubuya.

5.Isitoko samakhemikhali
I-Methane iguqulwa ibe yigesi yokuhlanganisa, ingxube ye-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen, ngokushintsha isitimu. Le nqubo ye-endergonic (edinga amandla) isebenzisa ama-catalyst futhi idinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, cishe ku-700-1100 °C.

Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala

I-EyeContact:Alikho elidingekayo kuphethiloli. Uma usolwa ngokuba nesithwathwa, geza amehlo ngamanzi apholile imizuzu engu-15 bese uthola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha.
I-SkinContact:Ayikho i-forgas edingekayo. Uma uthinta isikhumba noma okusolakala ukuthi uyisithwathwa, susa izingubo ezingcolile futhi ushaye izindawo ezithintekile ngamanzi afudumele. UNGAWASEBENZISI AMANZI ASHISAYO. Udokotela kufanele abone isiguli ngokushesha uma ukuthintana nomkhiqizo kubangele amabhamuza endaweni yesikhumba noma ekuqineni kwezicubu ezijulile. .
Ukuhogela:UKUNAKISWA NGOKUSHESHA KWEZOKWELASHWA KUPHOQELEKILE KUZO ZONKE IZIMO ZOKUHOVA KOKUJWAYELEKILE. ABASEBENZI BOKUPHEFUMELA KUFANELE BAHLOMISE NGEZINSIZA ZOKUPHEFUMLA EZIYAZIQHUBEKA. Izisulu zokuhogela eziqaphelayo kufanele zisizwe endaweni engangcolisiwe futhi zihogele umoya ohlanzekile. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Abantu abaqulekile kufanele bathuthelwe endaweni engangcolile futhi, njengoba kudingekile, banikezwe ukuvuswa kokwenziwa kanye nomoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Ukwelashwa kufanele kube nezimpawu futhi kusekele.
Ukungenisa:Akukho ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile.Thola usizo lwezempilo uma kuvela izimpawu.
InothistoDokotela:Yelapha ngendlela ekhombisa izimpawu.

I-methane yangaphandle
Imethane itholakele noma kukholakala ukuthi ikhona kuwo wonke amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga kanye nezinyanga eziningi ezinkulu. Ngaphandle okungenzeka ngaphandle kwe-Mars, kukholakala ukuthi ivela ezinqubweni ze-abiotic.
I-Methane (CH4) ku-Mars - imithombo engaba khona namasinki.
I-Methane iye yahlongozwa njengendlela engase ibe i-rocket propellant ohambweni lwe-Mars lwesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yengxenye yokuthi kungenzeka ihlanganiselwe emhlabeni ngokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-in situ.[58] Ukuguqulwa kokusabela kwe-Sabatier methanation kungase kusetshenziswe nombhede we-catalyst oxubile kanye nokuhlehla kwegesi yamanzi ku-reactor eyodwa ukukhiqiza i-methane ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala ku-Mars, kusetshenziswa amanzi asuka endaweni engaphansi kwe-Martian kanye ne-carbon dioxide emkhathini we-Martian. .

I-Methane ingakhiqizwa inqubo engeyona eyebhayoloji ebizwa ngokuthi ''i-serpentinization[a] ehlanganisa amanzi, i-carbon dioxide, kanye ne-mineral olivine, eyaziwa njengevamile ku-Mars.