I-Methane iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula yamakhemikhali i-CH4 (i-athomu elilodwa lekhabhoni nama-athomu amane e-hydrogen).

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo

I-Methane iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula yamakhemikhali i-CH4 (i-athomu elilodwa lekhabhoni nama-athomu amane e-hydrogen). Iyi-hydride yeqembu-14 futhi i-alkane elula kakhulu, futhi iyisakhi esiyinhloko segesi yemvelo. Ubuningi be-methane eMhlabeni buyenza ibe uphethiloli okhangayo, yize ukuyibamba nokuyigcina kuletha izinselele ngenxa yesimo sayo segesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushisa nokucindezela.
I-methane yemvelo itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphansi kolwandle. Uma ifika phezulu nasemkhathini, yaziwa ngokuthi i-atmospheric methane. Ukuhlushwa kwe-atmospheric methane eMhlabeni kukhuphuke cishe ngo-150% kusukela ngo-1750, futhi kubalwa u-20% we-radiative forcement evela kuzo zonke izigesi ezihlala isikhathi eside nezihlanganisiwe emhlabeni jikelele.

Imininingwane

Ukupakisha Nokuthumela

Isicelo

Njengophethiloli
I-Methane isetshenziswa njengophethiloli kuma-oven, emakhaya, kuma-water heater, kuma-oven, ezimotweni, kuma-turbine, nakwezinye izinto. Ivutha nomoya-mpilo ukuze idale umlilo.

Embonini Yamakhemikhali
I-Methane iguqulwa ibe yigesi yokwenziwa, ingxube ye-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen, ngokuguqulwa komusi.

Ukusetshenziswa

I-Methane isetshenziswa ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali ezimbonini futhi ingathuthwa njengoketshezi oluqandisiwe (igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe, noma i-LNG). Nakuba ukuvuza okuvela esitsheni soketshezi oluqandisiwe ekuqaleni kunzima kunomoya ngenxa yokwanda kobuningi begesi ebandayo, igesi ekushiseni okuzungezile ilula kunomoya. Amapayipi egesi asabalalisa inani elikhulu legesi yemvelo, lapho i-methane iyisakhi esiyinhloko.

1. Uphethiloli
I-Methane isetshenziswa njengophethiloli kuma-oven, emakhaya, kuma-water heater, kuma-oven, ezimotweni, kuma-turbine, nakwezinye izinto. Ivutha nomoya-mpilo ukuze idale ukushisa.

2. Igesi yemvelo
I-Methane ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kukagesi ngokuyishisa njengophethiloli ku-turbine yegesi noma ku-steam generator. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezisebenzisa i-hydrocarbon fuel, i-methane ikhiqiza i-carbon dioxide encane kuyunithi ngayinye yokushisa ekhishwayo. Cishe ku-891 kJ/mol, ukushisa kwe-methane okushisayo kuphansi kunanoma iyiphi enye i-hydrocarbon kodwa isilinganiso sokushisa kokusha (891 kJ/mol) ku-molecule mass (16.0 g/mol, lapho i-12.0 g/mol iyi-carbon) sibonisa ukuthi i-methane, njengoba i-hydrocarbon elula kakhulu, ikhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo (55.7 kJ/g) kunezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisebenzisa i-hydrocarbon. Emadolobheni amaningi, i-methane ifakwa emapayipini emakhaya ukuze ifudumale futhi ipheke ekhaya. Kulesi simo ivame ukwaziwa njengegesi yemvelo, ebhekwa njengokuqukethwe kwamandla okungama-megajoules angu-39 nge-cubic meter, noma i-1,000 BTU nge-cubic foot ejwayelekile.

I-Methane ngesimo segesi yemvelo ecindezelwe isetshenziswa njengophethiloli wemoto futhi kuthiwa inobungani nemvelo kakhulu kunezinye izinto zokubasa ezifana nophethiloli/uphethiloli kanye nedizili. Ucwaningo lwezindlela zokufaka i-methane endaweni yokugcina uphethiloli wemoto selwenziwe.

3. Igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe
Igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe (i-LNG) yigesi yemvelo (ikakhulukazi i-methane, i-CH4) eguqulwe yaba uketshezi ukuze kube lula ukuyigcina noma ukuyithutha. Kudingeka amathangi e-LNG abizayo ukuze athuthe i-methane.

Igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe ithatha cishe u-1/600 wevolumu yegesi yemvelo esimweni segesi. Ayinaphunga, ayinambala, ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayiboli. Izingozi zifaka phakathi ukusha ngemva kokushiswa ibe yigesi, ukubanda, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.

4. Uphethiloli werokhethi owuketshezi-i-methane
I-methane ewuketshezi ehlanjululwe isetshenziswa njengophethiloli werokhethi. Kubikwa ukuthi i-methane inikeza inzuzo ngaphezu kwe-kerosene yokufaka ikhabhoni encane ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zama-rocket motors, okunciphisa ubunzima bokusetshenziswa kabusha kwama-booster.

I-Methane itholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zesistimu yelanga futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ingavunwa ebusweni bomunye umzimba wesistimu yelanga (ikakhulukazi, kusetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane ezintweni zasendaweni ezitholakala ku-Mars noma ku-Titan), okuhlinzeka ngophethiloli wohambo lokubuyela emuva.

5. I-feedstock yamakhemikhali
I-Methane iguqulwa ibe yigesi yokwenziwa, ingxube ye-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen, ngokuguqulwa komusi. Le nqubo ye-endergonic (edinga amandla) isebenzisa ama-catalyst futhi idinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu, cishe angu-700–1100 °C.

Izindlela zosizo lokuqala

Ukuxhumana Kwamehlo:Akukho okudingekayo ngegesi. Uma kusolwa ukuthi ulunywe yiqhwa, hlanza amehlo ngamanzi abandayo imizuzu eyi-15 bese uthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ukuxhumana kwesikhumba:Akukho okudingekayo ukuze kukhishwe umoya. Uma uthinta isikhumba noma usolakala ukuthi unesifo sofuba, susa izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza izindawo ezithintekile ngamanzi afudumele. UNGASEBENZISI AMANZI ASHISAYO. Udokotela kufanele abone isiguli ngokushesha uma ukuthintana nomkhiqizo kuholele ekuqhumeni kobuso besikhumba noma ekuqineni kwezicubu ezijulile.
Ukuphefumula:UKUNAKEKELA NGOKUSHESHA KWEZOKWELAPHA KUZO ZONKE IZIMO ZOKUPHEFUMULA UKUCHAPHAZEKA OKUNINGI. ABASEBENZI BOKUSINDISA KUFANELE BAHLOMISWE NGEZINTO ZOKUPHEFUMULA EZIZIQONDILE. Izisulu zokuphefumela eziqondayo kufanele zisizwe ziye endaweni engangcolisiwe futhi zihogele umoya omusha. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Abantu abangazi lutho kufanele bathuthelwe endaweni engangcolisiwe futhi, uma kudingeka, banikezwe umoya-mpilo owenziwe ngokwenziwa kanye nomoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Ukwelashwa kufanele kube nezimpawu futhi kube okusekelayo.
Ukungenisa:Akukho ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha uma kuvela izimpawu.
Amanothi kaDokotela:Phatha ngezimpawu.

I-methane yangaphandle komhlaba
I-Methane itholakale noma kukholakala ukuthi ikhona kuwo wonke amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga kanye neningi lezinyanga ezinkulu. Ngaphandle kweMars, kukholakala ukuthi ivela ezinqubweni ze-abiotic.
I-Methane (CH4) ku-Mars – imithombo engaba khona kanye nezinki.
I-Methane iphakanyiswe njenge-rocket propellant engaba khona emisebenzini ye-Mars yesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ihlanganiswe emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza endaweni ethile.[58] Ukuguqulwa kwe-Sabatier methanation reaction kungasetshenziswa nge-mixed catalyst bed kanye ne-reverse water-gas shift ku-single reactor ukukhiqiza i-methane ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala ku-Mars, kusetshenziswa amanzi avela enhlabathini engaphansi kwe-Mars kanye ne-carbon dioxide emoyeni we-Mars.

I-Methane ingakhiqizwa ngenqubo engeyona eyebhayoloji ebizwa ngokuthi ''i-serpentinization[a]' ehilela amanzi, i-carbon dioxide, kanye ne-mineral olivine, eyaziwa ngokuthi ivame kakhulu eMars.