I-Amoniyawaziwa kakhulu njengomanyolo futhi okwamanje usetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi, kuhlanganise nezimboni zamakhemikhali nezamamithi, kodwa amandla awo awagcini lapho. Kungase futhi kube uphethiloli, kanye ne-hydrogen, okumanje efunwa kabanzi, engaba nomthelela ekuqedeni ikhabhoni kwezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi ezokuthutha zasolwandle.

Ngokubuka izinzuzo eziningi zeammonia, ikakhulukazi “i-ammonia eluhlaza” ekhiqizwa amandla avuselelekayo, njengokungakhiqizi isikhutha, imithombo eningi, nezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-liquefaction, imidondoshiya eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe iye yangenela umncintiswano wokukhiqizwa kwezimboni “kwezinto eziluhlaza.ammonia“. Kodwa-ke, i-ammonia njengophethiloli oqhubekayo isenobunzima bokubunqoba, njengokukhuphula umkhiqizo kanye nokubhekana nobuthi bayo.

Iziqhwaga ziqhudelana ukuze kuthuthukiswe “i-ammonia eluhlaza”

Kuphinde kube nenkinga ngeammoniaukuba uphethiloli esimeme. Njengamanje, i-ammonia ikhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ngamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, futhi ososayensi banethemba lokukhiqiza “i-ammonia eluhlaza” emithonjeni evuselelekayo ukuze ikwazi ukusimama ngempela futhi ingabi nayo ikhabhoni.
Iwebhusayithi yaseSpain “Absai” iveze embikweni wakamuva ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi “luhlazaammonia” angase abe nekusasa eliqhakazile kakhulu, umncintiswano wokukhiqiza ngezinga lezimboni wethulwe emhlabeni wonke.

Umdondoshiya wamakhemikhali owaziwa kakhulu u-Yara ukhipha “luhlazaammonia” ukukhiqizwa, futhi uhlela ukwakha isitshalo se-ammonia esimeme esinomthamo wonyaka wamathani angu-500,000 eNorway. Le nkampani ike yasebenzisana nenkampani kagesi yaseFrance i-Engie ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen embonini yayo ekhona e-Pilbara, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Australia, ukwenza i-hydrogen isabele nge-nitrogen, futhi "i-ammonia eluhlaza" ekhiqizwa amandla avuselelekayo izoqala ngo-2023 ukukhiqizwa kwesivivinyo. . Inkampani yaseSpain i-Fetiveria ihlela nokukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwesigidi “eluhlazaammonia” ngonyaka embonini yawo e-Puertollano, futhi uhlela ukwakha esinye isitshalo “se-ammonia eluhlaza” esinomthamo ofanayo e-Palos-De la Frontera.I-Amoniya” ifektri. I-Ignis Group yaseSpain ihlela ukwakha isitshalo “se-ammonia eluhlaza” echwebeni laseSeville.

Inkampani yaseSaudi NEOM ihlela ukwakha “indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeniammonia” indawo yokukhiqiza ngo-2026. Lapho isiqediwe, lesi sikhungo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhiqize amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 “e-ammonia eluhlaza” minyaka yonke, sinciphise ukukhishwa kwesikhutha ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.

I-“Absai” isho ukuthi uma “iluhlazaammonia” inganqoba ubunzima obuhlukahlukene ebhekene nayo, abantu kulindeleke ukuthi babone iqoqo lokuqala lamaloli aphehlwa yi-ammonia, ogandaganda nemikhumbi eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo. Njengamanje, izinkampani namanyuvesi zicwaninga ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa uphethiloli we-ammonia, futhi sekuvele neqoqo lokuqala lemishini ye-prototype.

Ngokombiko we-website ye-US “Technology Times” ngomhla ka-10, i-Amogy, indlunkulu eBrooklyn, e-U.S.A., iveze ukuthi ilindele ukubonisa umkhumbi wokuqala osebenza nge-ammonia ngo-2023 futhi iwuthengise ngokugcwele ngo-2024. Le nkampani ithe lokhu kuzokwenziwa kube yimpumelelo enkulu ekuthuthweni kwe-zero-emission.

kusenobunzima okumele babunqobe

I-AmoniyaIndlela eya emikhumbini yokuphehla uphethiloli namaloli ayizange ibe bushelelezi, nokho. Njengoba iDet Norske Veritas yakubeka embikweni: “Kumelwe kunqotshwe izinkinga ezimbalwa kuqala.”

Okokuqala, ukunikezwa kukaphethiloliammoniakumele kuqinisekiswe. Cishe i-80% ye-ammonia ekhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke isetshenziswa njengomanyolo namuhla. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi kuhlangatshezwana nalesi sidingo sezolimo, kulindeleke ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi kuphindwe kabili noma kathathuammoniaukukhiqizwa kokuphehla imikhumbi yasolwandle namaloli asindayo emhlabeni jikelele. Okwesibili, ubuthi be-ammonia nakho kuyakhathaza. Uchwepheshe waseSpain oguqula amandla kagesi u-Rafael Gutierrez uchaze ukuthi i-ammonia isetshenziselwa ukwenza umanyolo futhi isetshenziswa njengesiqandisi kweminye imikhumbi, isetshenziswa izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe nezinolwazi. Uma abantu benweba ukusetshenziswa kwayo emikhunjini kaphethiloli namaloli, abantu abaningi bazochayeka kuboammoniafuthi amathuba okuba nezinkinga ayoba makhulu.