Ingabe akhona amanye amaplanethi awo afanayo afanayo neyethu? Ngenxa yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bezinkanyezi, manje sesiyazi ukuthi kunezinkulungwane zamaplanethi azalela izinkanyezi ezikude. Ucwaningo olusha lukhombisa ukuthi amanye ama-expoplanets endaweni yonke anayoalulimonii-atmorsheres ecebile. Isizathu sosayizi ongalingani kwamaplanethi ohlelweni lwelanga luhlobene nealulimoniokuqukethwe. Lokhu kutholwa kungaqhubeka nokuqonda kwethu ukuvela kweplanethi.

Imfihlakalo Ngokuphambuka Kwesayizi Amaplanethi Angezelelesi

Kwakungekho kuze kube ngu-1992 lapho kwatholakala khona i-exoplanet yokuqala. Isizathu esenza kwathatha isikhathi eside kangaka ukuthola amaplanethi ngaphandle kohlelo lwelanga ukuthi avinjelwe ukukhanya kwenkanyezi. Ngakho-ke, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zafika nendlela ehlakaniphile yokuthola ama-exoplanets. Ihlola ukuncipha komugqa wesikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi iplanethi idlula inkanyezi yayo. Ngale ndlela, manje sesiyazi ukuthi amaplanethi ajwayelekile ngisho nangaphandle kohlelo lwethu lwelanga. Okungenani uhhafu welanga njengezinkanyezi kunosayizi owodwa weplanethi esukela emhlabeni kuya kuNeptune. Lawa maplanethi kukholakala ukuthi ane- "hydrogen" kanye ne- "helium", ezaqoqwa egesi nothuli ezizungeze izinkanyezi lapho ezalwa.

Ngokumangazayo, noma kunjalo, usayizi wama-exoplanets uyahlukahluka phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Eyodwa imayelana nezikhathi eziyi-1.5 ubukhulu bomhlaba, kanti enye ingaphezulu kweziphindwe kabili zomhlaba. Futhi ngesizathu esithile, akukho lutho phakathi. Lokhu kuphambuka kwe-amplitude kubizwa nge- "Radius Valley". Ukuxazulula le mfihlakalo kukholakala ukuthi kusisiza ukuba siqonde ukwakheka nokuvela kwalawa maplanethi.

Ubudlelwano phakathialulimonikanye nosayizi ukuphambuka kwamaplanethi angemuva

I-hypothesis eyodwa ukuthi ukuphambuka kwesilinganiso (isigodi) samaplanethi angemuva ahlobene nomkhathi weplanethi. Izinkanyezi ziyizindawo ezimbi kakhulu, lapho amaplanethi ahlala egcwele ama-x-ray kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwahluza umkhathi, kushiye kuphela umnyombo wamadwala omncane. Ngakho-ke, u-Isaac Muskie, umfundi odokotela eNyuvesi yaseMichigan, kanti u-Leslie Rogers, u-Astrophysicicist e-University of Chicago, wanquma ukutadisha into yokuhlazeka komkhathi weplanethi, obizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlakazwa komkhathi".

Ukuqonda imiphumela yokushisa kanye nemisebe emkhathini womhlaba, basebenzisa idatha yeplanethi nemithetho yenyama ukudala imodeli futhi iqhuba izilinganiso ezingama-70000. Bathole ukuthi, izinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi, i-hydrogen ene-athomu encane ye-athomu izonyamalala ngaphambilialulimoni. Bangaphezu kuka-40% womkhathi womhlaba ungakhiwaalulimoni.

Ukuqonda ukwakheka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamaplanethi kuyinkomba yokutholwa kwempilo yangaphandle

Ukuqonda imiphumela yokushisa kanye nemisebe emkhathini womhlaba, basebenzisa idatha yeplanethi nemithetho yenyama ukudala imodeli futhi iqhuba izilinganiso ezingama-70000. Bathole ukuthi, izinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi, i-hydrogen ene-athomu encane ye-athomu izonyamalala ngaphambilialulimoni. Bangaphezu kuka-40% womkhathi womhlaba ungakhiwaalulimoni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaplanethi asaqukethe i-hydrogen futhialulimonibabe nokwandisa amazulu. Ngakho-ke, uma umkhathi usabakhona, abantu bacabanga ukuthi kuzoba yiqembu elikhulu lamaplanethi. Onke la maplanethi angashisa, avezwe emisebeni ejulile, futhi abe nomoya omkhulu wokucindezela. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kwempilo kubonakala kungathandeki. Kepha ukuqonda inqubo yokwakheka kweplanethi kuzosenza sikwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuthi yimaphi amaplanethi akhona nalokho ababukeka. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukucinga ama-exoplanets ayimpilo yokuzalela.