Ingabe akhona amanye amaplanethi anezindawo ezifana nezethu? Ngenxa yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bezinkanyezi, manje sesiyazi ukuthi kunezinkulungwane zamaplanethi azungeza izinkanyezi ezikude. Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi amanye amaplanethi angaphandle endaweni yonke anayoi-heliumimimoya ecebile. Isizathu sokungalingani kobukhulu bamaplanethi ohlelweni lwelanga sihlobenei-heliumokuqukethwe. Lokhu kutholwa kungase kuthuthukise ukuqonda kwethu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamaplanethi.

Imfihlakalo mayelana nokuphambuka kosayizi wamaplanethi angaphandle kwelanga

Kwaze kwaba ngo-1992 lapho kwatholakala khona iplanethi yokuqala. Isizathu sokuthi kwathatha isikhathi eside kangaka ukuthola amaplanethi angaphandle kwesimiso selanga ukuthi avinjiwe ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi. Ngakho-ke, izazi zezinkanyezi ziqhamuke nendlela ehlakaniphile yokuthola amaplanethi angaphandle. Ihlola ukufiphala komugqa wesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba iplanethi idlule inkanyezi yayo. Ngale ndlela, manje sesiyazi ukuthi amaplanethi avamile ngisho nangaphandle kwesimiso sethu selanga. Okungenani ingxenye yezinkanyezi ezifana nelanga inosayizi weplanethi okungenani owodwa kusukela eMhlabeni kuya eNeptune. La maplanethi kukholakala ukuthi anesimo sezulu "se-hydrogen" kanye "ne-helium", esaqoqwa kusuka kugesi kanye nothuli oluzungeze izinkanyezi lapho zizalwa.

Kodwa-ke, ngokumangalisayo, ubukhulu bama-exoplanet buyahlukahluka phakathi kwala maqembu amabili. Elinye licishe libe ngobukhulu bomhlaba ngokuphindwe ka-1.5, kanti elinye lingaphezu kobukhulu bomhlaba ngokuphindwe kabili. Futhi ngesizathu esithile, akukho lutho oluphakathi. Lokhu kuphambuka kwe-amplitude kubizwa ngokuthi “isigodi se-radius”. Ukuxazulula le mfihlakalo kukholelwa ukuthi kusisiza siqonde ukwakheka kanye nokuvela kwala maplanethi.

Ubudlelwano phakathii-heliumkanye nokuphambuka kosayizi wamaplanethi angaphandle kwelanga

Esinye isiciko ukuthi ukuphambuka kosayizi (isigodi) kwamaplanethi angaphandle kwelanga kuhlobene nomoya womhlaba. Izinkanyezi ziyizindawo ezimbi kakhulu, lapho amaplanethi ehlala ehlaselwa yi-X-ray kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwasusa umoya, kwashiya kuphela isisekelo esincane sedwala. Ngakho-ke, u-Isaac Muskie, umfundi we-doctorate e-University of Michigan, kanye noLeslie Rogers, isazi sezinkanyezi e-University of Chicago, banquma ukutadisha lesi simo sokukhumula umoya womhlaba womhlaba, okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuhlakazeka komkhathi”.

Ukuze baqonde imiphumela yokushisa kanye nemisebe emkhathini woMhlaba, basebenzise idatha yamaplanethi kanye nemithetho yemvelo ukudala imodeli futhi baqhube ukulingisa okungu-70000. Bathole ukuthi, eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ngemva kokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi, i-hydrogen enesisindo esincane se-athomu yayizonyamalala ngaphambi kokubai-heliumNgaphezu kwama-40% womkhathi woMhlaba kungenzeka ukuthi wakhiwe yi-i-helium.

Ukuqonda ukwakheka kanye nokuvela kwamaplanethi kuyinkomba yokutholakala kokuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba

Ukuze baqonde imiphumela yokushisa kanye nemisebe emkhathini woMhlaba, basebenzise idatha yamaplanethi kanye nemithetho yemvelo ukudala imodeli futhi baqhube ukulingisa okungu-70000. Bathole ukuthi, eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ngemva kokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi, i-hydrogen enesisindo esincane se-athomu yayizonyamalala ngaphambi kokubai-heliumNgaphezu kwama-40% womkhathi woMhlaba kungenzeka ukuthi wakhiwe yi-i-helium.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaplanethi asenawo i-hydrogen kanyei-heliumzinezimo ezikhulayo. Ngakho-ke, uma isimo sezulu sisakhona, abantu bacabanga ukuthi kuzoba yiqembu elikhulu lamaplanethi. Wonke la maplanethi angashisa, achayeke emisebeni enamandla, futhi abe nomoya ocindezelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kokuphila kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa ukuqonda inqubo yokwakheka kwamaplanethi kuzosenza sikwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuthi amaplanethi akhona nokuthi abukeka kanjani. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukusesha amaplanethi angaphandle azala impilo.