Ingabe akhona amanye amaplanethi indawo yawo efana neyethu? Ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bezinkanyezi, manje sesiyazi ukuthi kunezinkulungwane zamaplanethi azungeza izinkanyezi ezikude. Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi amanye ama-exoplanets endaweni yonke anawoi-heliumumkhathi ocebile. Isizathu sobukhulu obungalingani bamaplanethi esimisweni sonozungezilanga sihlobenei-heliumokuqukethwe. Lokhu okutholakele kungase kuthuthukise ukuqonda kwethu ngokuziphendukela kweplanethi.

Imfihlakalo mayelana nokuchezuka kosayizi wamaplanethi e-extrasolar

Kwaze kwaba ngo-1992 lapho kwatholakala khona i-exoplanet yokuqala. Isizathu esenza kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthola amaplanethi ngaphandle kwesimiso sonozungezilanga ukuthi avinjwe ukukhanya kwenkanyezi. Ngakho-ke, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zaqhamuka nendlela ehlakaniphile yokuthola ama-exoplanets. Ihlola ukufiphala komugqa wesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba iplanethi idlule inkanyezi yayo. Ngale ndlela, manje sesiyazi ukuthi amaplanethi avamile ngisho nangaphandle kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Okungenani ingxenye yelanga njengezinkanyezi inosayizi okungenani owodwa weplanethi kusukela eMhlabeni kuya eNeptune. Lawa maplanethi kukholakala ukuthi anomoya “we-hydrogen” kanye “ne-helium,” aqoqwa egesini nasezintulini ezizungeze izinkanyezi ngesikhathi ezalwa.

Ngokumangalisayo, nokho, ubukhulu bama-exoplanets buhluka phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Enye icishe iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,5 ubukhulu bomhlaba, kanti enye ingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunomhlaba. Futhi ngesizathu esithile, akukho lutho phakathi. Lokhu kuchezuka kwe-amplitude kubizwa ngokuthi "i-radius valley". Ukuxazulula le mfihlakalo kukholakala ukuthi kuzosisiza siqonde ukwakheka nokuvela kwala maplanethi.

Ubudlelwano phakathii-heliumkanye nokuchezuka kosayizi wamaplanethi e-extrasolar

Enye inkolelo-mbono ukuthi ukuchezuka kosayizi (isigodi) samaplanethi angaphandle kwesolar kuhlobene nomkhathi weplanethi. Izinkanyezi ziyizindawo ezimbi kakhulu, lapho amaplanethi ehlala ehlaselwa yi-X ray nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwaphuca umoya osemkhathini, kwasala umgogodla omncane wedwala. Ngakho-ke, u-Isaac Muskie, umfundi ofundela ubudokotela eNyuvesi yaseMichigan, kanye noLeslie Rogers, isazi sezinkanyezi e-University of Chicago, banquma ukutadisha isenzakalo sokuqothulwa komkhathi weplanethi, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-atmospheric dissipation".

Ukuze baqonde imiphumela yokushisa nemisebe emkhathini womhlaba, basebenzisa idatha yeplanethi nemithetho yemvelo ukuze bakhe imodeli futhi basebenzise ukulingisa okungu-70000. Bathola ukuthi, izigidigidi zeminyaka ngemva kokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi, i-hydrogen enesisindo esincane se-athomu yayizonyamalala ngaphambi kwalokho.i-helium. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-40 omkhathi womkhathi woMhlaba angase akhiwei-helium.

Ukuqonda ukwakheka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamaplanethi kuyinkomba yokutholwa kwempilo yangaphandle

Ukuze baqonde imiphumela yokushisa nemisebe emkhathini womhlaba, basebenzisa idatha yeplanethi nemithetho yemvelo ukuze bakhe imodeli futhi basebenzise ukulingisa okungu-70000. Bathola ukuthi, izigidigidi zeminyaka ngemva kokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi, i-hydrogen enesisindo esincane se-athomu yayizonyamalala ngaphambi kwalokho.i-helium. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-40 omkhathi womkhathi woMhlaba angase akhiwei-helium.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaplanethi asaqukethe i-hydrogen nei-heliumabe nemikhathi ekhulayo. Ngakho-ke, uma umkhathi usekhona, abantu bacabanga ukuthi kuzoba yiqembu elikhulu lamaplanethi. Wonke lamaplanethi angashisa, atholakale emisebeni enamandla, futhi abe nomoya wokucindezela okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kokuphila kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa ukuqonda inqubo yokwakheka kwamaplanethi kuzosenza sikwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuthi amaplanethi akhona nokuthi abukeka kanjani. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukucinga ama-exoplanets ayimpilo yokuzalanisa.