I-Amonia noma i-azane iyinhlanganisela ye-nitrogen ne-hydrogen enefomula i-NH3

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo

I-Ammonia noma i-azane iyinhlanganisela ye-nitrogen ne-hydrogen enefomula i-NH3. I-ammonia, i-pnictogen hydride elula kakhulu, iyigesi engenambala enephunga elimangalisayo. Iyimfucuza evamile ye-nitrogen, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, futhi inegalelo elikhulu ezidingweni zokudla okunempilo kwezinto eziphilayo zasemhlabeni ngokusebenza njengesandulela sokudla kanye nomanyolo. I-Ammonia, kungaba ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, nayo iyisivikelo sokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo eminingi yemithi futhi isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi yokuhlanza yezentengiselwano.
Nakuba ivame kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi, i-ammonia iyingozi futhi iyingozi ngesimo sayo esiqinile.
I-ammonia yezimboni ithengiswa njengotshwala be-ammonia (ngokuvamile i-28% i-ammonia emanzini) noma njenge-ammonia ewuketshezi engenamanzi ecindezelwe noma efrijini ethuthwa ezinqoleni zamathangi noma amasilinda.

Imininingwane

Isicelo

Isihlanzi:
I-ammonia yasekhaya iyisisombululo se-NH3 emanzini (okungukuthi, i-ammonium hydroxide) esetshenziswa njengesihlanzi esijwayelekile ezindaweni eziningi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ammonia ibangela ukukhanya okungenamicu, enye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ngayo ukuhlanza ingilazi, i-porcelain kanye nensimbi engagqwali. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni ama-oven kanye nokucwilisa izinto ukuze kukhululeke ukungcola okubhakiwe. I-ammonia yasekhaya ihluka ngesisindo kusukela ku-5 kuya ku-10% we-ammonia.

Umanyolo wamakhemikhali:
I-ammonia ewuketshezi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-nitric acid, i-urea kanye neminye imifuno yamakhemikhali. Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe u-88% (kusukela ngo-2014) we-ammonia usetshenziswa njengomanyolo njengosawoti wawo, izixazululo noma ngokungamanzi. Uma usetshenziswa enhlabathini, uyasiza ekuhlinzekeni ngesivuno esikhulu sezitshalo ezifana nommbila nokolweni.[Kudingeka ukucashunwa] U-30% we-nitrogen yezolimo esetshenziswa e-USA isesimweni se-ammonia engamanzi futhi emhlabeni wonke kusetshenziswa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-110 minyaka yonke.

Ama-Raw material:
Ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.

Njengophethiloli:
Ubuningi bamandla aluhlaza e-ammonia ewuketshezi bungu-11.5 MJ/L, okucishe kube yingxenye yesithathu kunekadizili. Nakuba ingasetshenziswa njengophethiloli, ngezizathu eziningana lokhu akukaze kube yinto evamile noma esakazeke kabanzi. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ngqo kwe-ammonia njengophethiloli ezinjinini zokushisa kukhona nethuba lokuguqula i-ammonia ibe yi-hydrogen lapho ingasetshenziswa khona ukunika amandla amaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen noma ingasetshenziswa ngqo ngaphakathi kwamaseli kaphethiloli okushisa okuphezulu.

Ukukhiqizwa kwerokhethi, i-missile propellant:
Embonini yezokuvikela, esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamarokhethi, i-missile propellant.

Isiqandisi:
Isiqandisi–R717
Ingasetshenziswa njengesiqandisi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zokuhwamuka kwe-ammonia, iyisiqandisi esiwusizo. Yayivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba ama-chlorofluorocarbon (ama-Freons) athandwe kakhulu. I-ammonia engenamanzi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezisetshenziswa eziqandisini zezimboni kanye nasezindaweni zokulala ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Ukuqeda kwezindwangu okwenziwe nge-mercerized:
I-ammonia ewuketshezi ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuqedeni izindwangu nge-mercerized.

Ukupakisha Nokuthumela

Izindlela zosizo lokuqala

UKUPHEFUMULA: Uma kuvela imiphumela emibi, yisuse endaweni engangcolisiwe. Nikeza umoya wokwenziwa uma
hhayi ukuphefumula. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, umoya-mpilo kufanele unikezwe abasebenzi abafanelekayo.
ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.
UKUXHUMANA KWESIKHUMBA: Geza isikhumba ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ngenkathi ususa
Izingubo nezicathulo ezingcolile. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Hlanza kahle futhi womise
Izingubo nezicathulo ezingcolile ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kabusha. Bhubhisa izicathulo ezingcolile.
UKUXHUMANA NAMEHLO: Hlanza amehlo ngamanzi amaningi ngokushesha okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Bese uthola
ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.
UKUGXILA: UNGAVUSI UKUHLANZA. Ungalokothi wenze umuntu oqulekile ahlanze noma aphuze uketshezi.
Nikeza amanzi noma ubisi oluningi. Uma uhlanza, gcina ikhanda liphansi kunezinqe ukuze uvimbele
ukufutha. Uma umuntu equlekile, jika ikhanda liye ohlangothini. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
INOTHI KUDOKOTELA: Ukuze uthole umoya-mpilo, cabanga nge-oxygen. Ukuze uthole umoya-mpilo, cabanga ngekhophi ye-esophagus.
Gwema ukugeza nge-astric.

Izindaba Ezihlobene

U-Azane Uhambela Ingqungquthela Yonyaka Yokuqandisa Yemvelo ye-IIAR ka-2018 eColorado
Mashi 15, 2018
Umkhiqizi we-ammonia chiller kanye ne-freezer eshibhile, i-Azane Inc, ulungiselela ukukhombisa engqungqutheleni ye-IIAR 2018 Natural Refrigeration Conference & Expo ngomhlaka-18-21 Mashi. Le ngqungquthela ibanjelwe eBroadmoor Hotel and Resort eColorado Springs, futhi izobonisa izitayela ezintsha embonini ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba kunababonisi abangaphezu kuka-150, lo mcimbi ungowombukiso omkhulu kunayo yonke wabachwepheshe be-natural friji kanye ne-ammonia, oheha abantu abangaphezu kuka-1,000 abakhona.

I-Azane Inc izobonisa i-Azanefreezer yayo kanye ne-Azanechiller 2.0 yayo entsha sha futhi esezingeni eliphezulu eye yaphinda kabili ukusebenza kahle kwezingxenye zomthwalo we-ammonia kuneyangaphambili futhi yathuthukisa ubulula nokuguquguquka kwe-ammonia kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha.

UCaleb Nelson, iPhini likaMongameli we-Azane Inc, i-Business Development, uthe, “Siyajabula ukwabelana nomkhakha ngezinzuzo zemikhiqizo yethu emisha. I-Azanechiller 2.0 kanye ne-Azanefreezer ziya ngokuya zithuthuka embonini ye-hvac, ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukukhiqizwa kweziphuzo kanye nezimboni zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, ikakhulukazi eCalifornia, lapho kudingeka khona izinketho zemvelo, ezisebenzayo nezingenabungozi obukhulu.”

"Ingqungquthela Yeziqandisi Zemvelo ye-IIAR iheha inhlanganisela enkulu yezithunywa futhi siyakujabulela ukukhuluma nabakhi, abeluleki, abasebenzisi bokugcina, kanye nabanye abangani embonini."

Ebhokisini le-IIAR inkampani engumzali we-Azane i-Star Refrigeration izomelwa nguDavid Blackhurst, uMqondisi weqembu lokubonisana ngobuchwepheshe lenkampani, i-Star Technical Solutions, osebenze kwiBhodi Yabaqondisi be-IIAR. UBlackhurst uthe, “Wonke umuntu ohilelekile kumaphrojekthi okupholisa kudingeka aqonde icala lebhizinisi lazo zonke izingxenye zomsebenzi—kufaka phakathi ukuthi yimiphi imishini ayithengayo nokuthi iyini ithonya ezindlekweni zobunikazi.”

Ngemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-refrigerant e-HFC, kunethuba lokuthi ama-refrigerant emvelo afana ne-ammonia ne-CO2 athathe indawo ephambili. Kube nenqubekela phambili eyenziwe e-US njengoba ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-refrigerant okuphephile nesikhathi eside kuqhuba izinqumo zebhizinisi eziningi. Manje kuthathwa umbono ophelele, oqhubeka nokukhuthaza intshisekelo yezinketho ze-ammonia ezikhokhiswa kancane njengalezo ezinikezwa yi-Azane Inc.

UNelson wengeze wathi, “Izinhlelo ze-Azane ezifakwe i-ammonia ezishibhile zilungele amaphrojekthi lapho iklayenti lifisa ukuzuza ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-ammonia ngenkathi ligwema ubunzima kanye nezidingo zomthetho ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinhlelo ze-ammonia eziphakathi noma ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe eziqandisini zokwenziwa.”

Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza izixazululo zayo ze-ammonia eshibhile, i-Azane izophinde ibambe umbukiso wewashi le-Apple endaweni yayo. Le nkampani icela izithunywa ukuthi zigcwalise inhlolovo emfushane yokuhlola ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-R22, imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwama-HFC kanye nobuchwepheshe be-ammonia eshibhile.

Ingqungquthela ye-IIAR 2018 Natural Refrigeration kanye ne-Expo izokwenzeka kusukela ngoMashi 18-21 eColorado Springs, eColorado. Vakashela i-Azane endaweni yokubeka izimpahla engu-120.

I-Azane ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni ogxile ezixazululweni zokuqandisa ze-ammonia ezineshaja ephansi. Uhla lwezinhlelo ezipakishiwe ze-Azane zonke zisebenza kusetshenziswa i-ammonia – isiqandisi semvelo esingakwazi ukuqeda i-ozone kanye nekhono lokufudumala komhlaba. I-Azane iyingxenye ye-Star Refrigeration Group futhi ikhiqizwa emakethe yase-US eChambersburg, PA.

I-Azane Inc isanda kwethula i-Controlled Azane Inc (CAz) okuyimoto yabo entsha etholakala eTustin, eCalifornia iletha i-Azanefreezer emakethe embonini yokugcina izinto ezibandayo ezweni lonke. I-CAz isanda kubuya engqungqutheleni ye-AFFI (American Frozen Food Institute) eLas Vegas, eNevada lapho intshisekelo yezixazululo ezintsha zokupholisa ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezingozi yayivame kakhulu.