I-Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe:

I-hydrogen chloride inefomula yamakhemikhali i-HCl. I-molecule ye-hydrogen chloride yakhiwe yi-athomu ye-chlorine kanye ne-athomu ye-hydrogen. Iyigesi engenambala enephunga elimnandi. Igesi ebolile, engashi, ayihlangani namanzi kodwa incibilika kalula emanzini. Ivame ukuba khona emoyeni ngesimo sentuthu ye-hydrochloric acid. I-hydrogen chloride incibilika kalula ku-ethanol kanye ne-ether, futhi incibilika nakwezinye izinto eziningi eziphilayo; incibilika kalula emanzini, ku-0°C, umqulu owodwa wamanzi ungancibilika cishe amavolumu angu-500 e-hydrogen chloride. Isixazululo sayo samanzi saziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-hydrochloric acid, futhi igama layo lesayensi yi-hydrochloric acid. I-hydrochloric acid egxilile iyashintshashintsha. I-hydrogen chloride ayinambala, inephuzu lokuncibilika elingu--114.2°C kanye nephuzu lokubila elingu--85°C. Ayishi emoyeni futhi izinzile ngokwezinga lokushisa. Ayiboli kuze kube ngu-1500°C. Inephunga elibi, inokucasuka okukhulu endleleni yokuphefumula ephezulu, futhi iyalimaza amehlo, isikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ubuningi bukhulu kunomoya. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-hydrogen chloride eyomile azisebenzi kakhulu. Izinsimbi ze-alkali kanye nezinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline zingasha ku-hydrogen chloride, futhi lapho kusha i-sodium, ikhipha ilangabi eliphuzi elikhanyayo. I-hydrogen chloride isetshenziswa embonini ye-petrochemical ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle nokuvuselelwa kwama-catalyst nokwandisa i-viscosity ye-petroleum; ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-chlorosulfonic acid, irabha yokwenziwa, njll.; ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza amadayi, amakha, ukwenziwa kwezidakamizwa, ama-chloride ahlukahlukene kanye nama-corrosion inhibitors, kanye nokuhlanza, i-Pickling, i-electroplating metal, i-tanning, i-refine noma ikhiqiza insimbi eqinile. Igesi ye-hydrogen chloride ehlanzekile kakhulu isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhuleni kwe-silicon epitaxial, i-vapor phase polishing, i-gettering, i-etching kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanza embonini ye-elekthronikhi.

Isicelo:

①Izinto Ezibalulekile:

Iningi le-hydrogen chloride lisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrochloric acid. Liphinde libe yisithako esibalulekile kwezinye izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezimbonini.

②I-semiconductor:

Embonini ye-semiconductor, isetshenziselwa kokubili ukuchoboza amakristalu e-semiconductor kanye nokuhlanza i-silicon nge-trichlorosilane (SiHCl3).

③Ilabhorethri:

Elabhorethri, izinhlobo zegesi ezingenamanzi ziwusizo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-Lewis acid asekelwe ku-chloride, okumele abe omile ngokuphelele ukuze izindawo zawo zeLewis zisebenze.

Iphakheji evamile:

Izinzuzo:

①Ubumsulwa obuphezulu, indawo yakamuva;

②Umkhiqizi wesitifiketi se-ISO;

③Ukulethwa okusheshayo;

④Uhlelo lokuhlaziya oluku-inthanethi lokulawula ikhwalithi kuzo zonke izinyathelo;

⑤Isidingo esiphezulu kanye nenqubo ecophelelayo yokuphatha isilinda ngaphambi kokugcwalisa;