I-Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

Amapharamitha wobuchwepheshe:

I-Hydrogen chloride inefomula yamakhemikhali i-HCl. I-molecule ye-hydrogen chloride yenziwe nge-athomu ye-chlorine ne-athomu ye-hydrogen. Kuyigesi engenambala nephunga elimnandi. Igesi ebolayo, engashi, ayihlangani namanzi kodwa incibilika kalula emanzini. Ivame ukuba khona emoyeni ngesimo se-hydrochloric acid fumes. I-Hydrogen chloride incibilika kalula ku-ethanol ne-ether, futhi iphinde incibilike kwezinye izinto eziningi eziphilayo; Incibilika kalula emanzini, ku-0°C, umthamo owodwa wamanzi ungancibilikisa imiqulu engaba ngu-500 ye-hydrogen chloride. Isixazululo saso esinamanzi ngokuvamile saziwa ngokuthi i-hydrochloric acid, futhi igama laso lesayensi yi-hydrochloric acid. I-hydrochloric acid egxilile iyashintshashintsha. IHydrogen chloride ayinambala, inephuzu lokuncibilika elingu -114.2°C kanye nephuzu elibilayo elingu -85°C. Ayishi emoyeni futhi iqinile ngokushisa. Ayiboli kuze kufike ku-1500°C. Inephunga elincisha umoya, inokucasuka okunamandla emgudwini wokuphefumula ongenhla, futhi igqwala emehlweni, esikhunjeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ukuminyana kukhulu kunomoya. Amakhemikhali e-hydrogen chloride eyomile awasebenzi kakhulu. Izinsimbi ze-alkali nezinsimbi zomhlaba ezine-alkali zingasha ku-hydrogen chloride, futhi lapho i-sodium isha, ikhipha ilangabi eliphuzi elikhanyayo. I-Hydrogen chloride isetshenziswa embonini ye-petrochemical ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwama-catalysts nokwandisa i-viscosity ye-petroleum; ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-chlorosulfonic acid, irabha yokwenziwa, njll.; ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza odayi, iphunga elimnandi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa, ama-chloride ahlukahlukene kanye nama-corrosion inhibitors, nokuhlanza , Ukupikica, insimbi ye-electroplating, ukushuka, ukucwenga noma ukukhiqiza insimbi eqinile. I-high-purity hydrogen chloride gas isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhuleni kwe-silicon epitaxial, ukupholishwa kwesigaba somhwamuko, ukufakwa, ukufakwa kwe-etching kanye nokuhlanza embonini ye-elekthronikhi.

Isicelo:

①Okubalulekile:

Iningi le-hydrogen chloride lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrochloric acid. Kubuye kube i-reagent ebalulekile kwezinye izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezimbonini.

②I-semiconductor:

Embonini ye-semiconductor, isetshenziselwa kokubili i-etch semiconductor crystals kanye nokuhlanza i-silicon nge-trichlorosilane (SiHCl3).

③Ilabhorethri:

Elabhorethri, izinhlobo zegesi ezingenamanzi ziwusizo ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ama-Lewis acid asekelwe ku-chloride, okumele yome ngokuphelele ukuze amasayithi abo akwa-Lewis asebenze.

Iphakheji evamile:

Izinzuzo:

①Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, indawo yakamuva;

②ISO umenzi wesitifiketi;

③Ukulethwa okusheshayo;

④Isistimu yokuhlaziya eku-inthanethi yokulawula ikhwalithi kuso sonke isinyathelo;

⑤Isidingo esiphezulu kanye nenqubo yokucophelela yokuphatha isilinda ngaphambi kokugcwalisa;