I-Acetylene (C2H2)

Imingcele yezobuchwepheshe

I-acetylene, ifomula yamangqamuzana i-C2H2, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi amalahle omoya noma igesi ye-calcium carbide, iyilungu elincane kunazo zonke lezinhlanganisela ze-alkyne. I-acetylene iyigesi engenambala, enobuthi kancane futhi evutha ngokwedlulele enemiphumela ebuthakathaka yokubulala izinzwa kanye ne-anti-oxidation ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elivamile nokucindezela. Incibilika kancane emanzini, incibilika ku-ethanol, benzene, ne-acetone. I-acetylene ehlanzekile ayinaphunga, kodwa i-acetylene yezimboni inephunga likagalikhi ngoba iqukethe ukungcola okufana ne-hydrogen sulfide ne-phosphine. I-acetylene ehlanzekile iyigesi engenambala nephunga elivuthayo. Ingase iqhume ngokunamandla esimweni samanzi nesiqinile noma esimweni segesi kanye nokucindezela okuthile. Izinto ezinjengokushisa, ukudlidliza, nenhlansi kagesi zingabangela ukuqhuma, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuncibilika ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Isitoreji noma ezokuthutha. Ku-15°C naku-1.5MPa, ukunyibilika ku-acetone kuphezulu kakhulu, nokuncibilika okungu-237g/L, ngakho i-acetylene yezimboni i-acetylene encibilike ku-acetone, ebizwa nangokuthi i-acetylene encibilikile. Ngakho-ke, embonini, kumasilinda ensimbi agcwele izinto ezinama-porous ezifana ne-asbestos, i-acetylene icindezelwa ezintweni ezinama-porous ngemva kokumunca i-acetone yokugcina nokuthutha. Igesi ye-acetylene ingaveza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lapho ishisiwe. Ukushisa kwelangabi le-oxyacetylene kungafinyelela cishe ku-3200 ℃. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika insimbi njengokwakhiwa komkhumbi kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi; isetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo (ukwenza i-acetaldehyde, i-acetic acid, i-benzene, irabha yokwenziwa, imicu yokwenziwa, njll.), Imithi yokwenziwa namakhemikhali aphakathi kwe-vinyl acetylene noma i-divinyl acetylene; esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amagesi ajwayelekile afana negesi ejwayelekile yokuhlaziya uwoyela we-transformer. I-high-purity acetylene gas isetshenziselwa ukumuncwa kwe-athomu nezinye izinsimbi. Indlela yokupakisha ye-acetylene ivame ukuncibilika kuma-solvents kanye nezinto ezimbotshana futhi igcwaliswe kumasilinda ensimbi. Gcina endaweni epholile, engenisa umoya. Gcina kude nomlilo nemithombo yokushisa. Izinga lokushisa lokugcina akufanele lidlule ku-30°C. Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidants, ama-acids, nama-halogen, futhi igweme ukugcinwa okuxubile. Sebenzisa izibani ezingaqhumi kanye nezindawo zokungenisa umoya. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa imishini namathuluzi ajwayele ukuvela izinhlansi. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe okokusebenza okuphuthumayo okuvuzayo.

Isicelo:

① Ukusika nokushisela insimbi:

Lapho i-acetylene ivutha, ingaveza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Izinga lokushisa lelangabi le-oxyacetylene lingafinyelela cishe ku-3200 ℃, elisetshenziselwa ukusika nokushisela izinsimbi.

②Izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo:

I-acetylene iyisisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwe-acetaldehyde, i-acetic acid, i-benzene, irabha yokwenziwa, nemicu yokwenziwa.

③ Ukuhlola

I-acetylene ehlanzekile ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izivivinyo.

Iphakheji evamile: